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Decoding Dog Growls: Why Do Dogs Growl & What to Do

Haley Young photo

Haley Young

April 07, 2025

Dog Reactivity

Decoding Dog Growls: Why Do Dogs Growl & What to Do thumbnail

Hearing your dog growl can be scary. We love our four-legged best friends as part of the family! But no matter how hard we try to understand them, canine communication is often confusing to primates like us.

What does each growl really mean? Are they signs of aggression? Did we do something wrong as pet parents? Do growls and similar vocalizations lead to dog bites?

We’re here to help. Here’s a look at why your dog might growl in certain situations—and how you can keep everyone safe and comfortable.

First things first: Growling is normal canine communication

Dogs don’t speak a symbolic verbal language like we humans do—but they still communicate with us in many ways. While body language usually comes first in a canine conversation, various sounds serve different communication purposes too.

It’s perfectly normal for your dog to growl on occasion. Behavior always depends on the situation and context at hand! A growl often means your companion feels uncomfortable and is trying to let you know right away—before escalating to more extreme aggression displays like lunging, air snapping, or actually biting.

Growling can mean multiple different things

Just like barking and whining, your dog’s growls can communicate a range of different things. Here are some of the most common causes of canine grumbles.

Play growling

Growling usually has a negative connotation that makes owners worry about aggression. This is for good reason—it’s best to err on the side of caution if you’re ever around a canine who’s growling—but sometimes your dog’s grumbles and groans can be a positive thing!

Many dogs growl during play when they’re enjoying the game. Think about the sounds you might hear while a delighted pup is wrestling with another dog or tugging with their owner. A big part of canine play is ritualized expressions of behaviors like running, chasing, barking, and nipping—play is how puppies learn valuable skills like body awareness and bite inhibition. It's also how wild wolves start to develop their hunting abilities.

If your dog:


  1. growls during a play context with loose body language, and
  2. the game seems reciprocal—all dogs or humans involved are taking turns and having a good time

there’s no cause for concern. These playful growls do not mean your dog is aggressive. They don’t mean your pet is dangerous. They simply suggest your companion is a canine having fun! Their vocalizations are a sign of happiness.

(You can read more about your dog’s body language in this article. If you ever can’t tell if what you’re watching is appropriate play or not, it’s a good idea to call your dog away. We recommend getting in touch with a professional trainer who can help you interpret their signals if you're struggling.)

Growling due to physical pain

Many dogs are stoic when they’re hurt. (This used to provide an evolutionary advantage prior to their domestication to live alongside humans.) But it’s also normal for your domestic dog to whine, cry, or growl in the context of pain—especially if they feel safe around you.

This is especially likely if your dog never used to growl but has now started doing it all of a sudden—or if the growls most often occur when your dog moves or is touched in a certain way. Think about a human with a sore muscle saying “ow!” when their partner bumps into them. Your dog might be expressing a similar experience.

If you suspect your dog is growling out of pain, get them in for a full veterinary check as soon as you can. No training plan will be effective if your pet is struggling with their health.

Resource guarding growling

Growling is a common symptom of resource guarding behavior. It’s natural for our dogs to be possessive of their belongings both with dogs and humans. That said, it’s still important they can safely share toys, treats, and other items with other people and pets in your home.

Resource guarding growling typically occurs in the following contexts:


  • When your dog has a high value item (like a favorite chew or bone) or is resting in a favorite spot (like a couch or chair)
  • And another person or dog approaches them
  • And they’re afraid that other person or dog is going to take away what they have

This type of warning growl display is usually accompanied by stiff body language, possible whale eye (showing the whites of their eyes), and baring their teeth. Your dog is essentially trying to protect their possession by telling the perceived threat to go away.

You can learn more about resource guarding in the context of food aggression in this piece.

Defensive growling

Dogs also growl when they experience fear or anxiety. Have you ever seen a porcupine “puff up” to make something scary go away—even though they’re really just scared themselves? That’s what our pets' grumbling displays can be like.

If your dog growls when:


  • other dogs or people approach them quickly
  • something startling happens in the environment (like a person on a bicycle riding past without warning)
  • they're in another situation that makes them nervous

there’s a good chance they’re reacting defensively. Even though the vocal communication might sound like an aggressive growl, your dog is truly trying to ask for more personal space.

You can learn more about fear aggression in this piece. We also have a whole blog category about various types of reactivity in dogs here, with resources depending on your pet's behavior and the contexts it shows up in!

What to do about your dog’s growling

If you’re concerned about your dog’s growling, the best way to address it is to


  1. Identify the root cause.
  2. Treat those underlying issues.

In the immediate moment that your dog reacts to something, do whatever you can to distract or remove them from the situation. This might look like crossing the street on a walk, deciding against taking their bone away, or removing your hand if you seem to be petting a sore spot.

Once everyone has calmed down, you can start thinking about how to prevent the growling (and the discomfort at the root of your pup's vocalizations) from occurring again.

Figure out what’s causing your dog to growl

We went over some common types of growls in the previous section. Spend a few minutes thinking about the situations and contexts that cause your dog to growl—and try to figure out what the root cause might be.


  • Are your dog's growls consistently triggered by the same things?
  • Do they only grumble in certain environments?
  • Maybe the behavior happens most often with specific people?
  • Does your dog growl more after a lot of physical exertion?

Consider keeping a short journal or daily log to help you identify patterns. (The default notes app on your smartphone can be an easy start.)

Change your environment or the situations you put your dog in

Sometimes your dog’s growling doesn’t require any kind of training. It might just be a sign that you need to change something up in your environment! Every dog is an individual with their own temperament and preferences. Some dogs simply aren’t comfortable in certain situations, and that’s okay.

Here are a few lifestyle examples to think about:


  • If your dog growls when strangers pet them without warning, consider if that’s really something they need to handle in your everyday life. Do they need to be comfortable being touched 100 percent of the time? Or could you stop people from approaching before you get the chance to gauge your dog’s body language to see if they’re excited about a greeting?
  • Similarly, if your dog growls when they’re handled in a certain way, they might just be telling you they don’t like that particular type of touching. This is common in families who have young children. It’s perfectly reasonable for a dog to express discomfort when their ears or tail are pulled! It’s important to teach both dogs and kids appropriate forms of communication and boundaries.
  • Some dogs have natural territorial instincts. It’s important to manage them carefully—you need to be able to maintain control when strangers arrive on your property, of course—but it’s not always realistic to expect our pets to completely give up their innate responses. If your dog grumbles a little when a new person knocks on your door, consider how much vocalization you’re comfortable with and what might be a fair compromise.

Management is your friend

There are also ways you can manage your dog’s growling in the meantime, while you also think about a long-term behavioral modification plan if necessary. This might look like:

Develop a long-term behavioral modification plan

If your dog’s growling suggests an underlying problem that you need to fix—for example, if they growl at every stranger as opposed to simply expressing discomfort at being touched in a certain way—you’ll want to develop a long-term behavioral modification plan. This type of thoughtful training can help them feel better about the surrounding world.

Behavioral modification might involve:

What not to do when your dog growls

Growling is valuable canine communication! You should never punish your dog for growling. Here's why:


  • If you punish your dog for growling, they will stop showing the growling behavior—but their underlying emotions won’t change. This means that next time they feel uncomfortable, they might skip growling and go straight to escalating on the ladder of aggression.
  • If you create an even more negative association with the things that make your dog growl by punishing them, you risk piling onto their existing difficult emotions and ultimately making situations harder to train through. Think about it: Every time your dog sees another dog, they feel scared and growl. Then you get mad at them. Now they think that other dogs are scary to start with and that they make you, their owner, upset too. That’s not a cycle you want to be in! You want triggers to eventually be associated with happy or neutral emotions.

When in doubt, contact a professional trainer

Growling is normal in many circumstances. If your dog only growls on occasion—and it’s easy to figure out what they’re trying to tell you—there’s no cause for concern.

If your dog growls often, though, or if you’re struggling to identify the cause of their vocalizations, a professional force free trainer can help. They’ll get to know your individual dog, help you understand what situations trigger their negative emotions, and equip you with resources to improve everyone’s comfort in the long run.

Trainer Review of this Article

There is so much misinformation out there, and we want to make sure we only provide the highest quality information to our community. We have all of our articles reviewed by qualified, positive-only trainers.  

This is the trainer that reviewed this article:

Erica Marshall CPDT-ka, CDBC
Owner/Trainer of Wicked Good Dog Training in Christiana TN
Author of "New Puppy, Now What?"
www.wickedgooddogtraining.com

Haley Young photo

Haley Young

April 07, 2025

Dog Reactivity

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  • Puppy Training: How to Stop Leash Aggression thumbnail

    Puppy Training: How to Stop Leash Aggression

    Is your puppy's leash pulling turning walks into a wrestling match? Don't worry, you're not alone. Many new puppy owners struggle with puppy training for leash aggression. This guide will help you understand why your puppy acts out on the leash, tell the difference between excitement and true aggression, and give you simple, effective training techniques. Let's turn those frustrating walks into fun adventures for both of you!

  • Understanding Barrier Aggression in Dogs: Signs & Solutions thumbnail

    Understanding Barrier Aggression in Dogs: Signs & Solutions

    Does your sweet dog suddenly transform into a barking, lunging gremlin at the sight of a fence? You're dealing with barrier aggression in dogs (also known as barrier reactivity or barrier frustration). It's a common struggle. Walks become stressful. Backyard time becomes a symphony of barks. But don't worry, there's hope! This post offers practical tips and training exercises to manage your dog's barrier reactive outbursts. We'll help you build a stronger bond and raise a calmer, more confident pup. Learn more about barrier reactivity and how to manage barrier aggression.

  • What Is a Reactive Dog? A Practical Guide for Owners thumbnail

    What Is a Reactive Dog? A Practical Guide for Owners

    Does your dog suddenly transform into a barking, lunging Tasmanian devil on walks? It's stressful for both of you. If this sounds familiar, you might have a reactive dog. Understanding what is a reactive dog is the first step to calmer walks. We'll explore the common triggers and give you actionable strategies to manage and modify this behavior. Let's turn those stressful walks into enjoyable outings.

  • How to Socialize a Reactive Dog: A Step-by-Step Guide thumbnail

    How to Socialize a Reactive Dog: A Step-by-Step Guide

    Does your dog display reactivity to other pets or people? Maybe they’re a new rescue pup and are still settling into your home. Or they were sick growing up, so you missed their critical socialization period. Possibly they’ve had a bad experience after being raised as a normal puppy.

  • What Is a Reactive Dog? A Complete Guide thumbnail

    What Is a Reactive Dog? A Complete Guide

    Is your dog overly excited or fearful around other dogs? Do they bark, lunge, or whine? You might have a reactive dog. Many dog owners face this challenge. Understanding what a reactive dog is is the first step to helping them. This guide explores the common causes of dog reactivity, explains what makes a dog reactive, and offers practical tips and resources. Let's work together to build a stronger bond with your dog and enjoy stress-free walks.

  • Best Online Dog Training for Reactive Dogs: A Practical Guide thumbnail

    Best Online Dog Training for Reactive Dogs: A Practical Guide

    Does your dog's reactivity make walks stressful? You're not alone. Many dog owners face similar challenges. This guide offers practical advice and support for managing reactivity, including finding the best online dog training for reactive dogs. We'll connect you with reactive dog support groups, share training tips, and explore resources like the best dog training app for reactive dogs. Let's build a stronger bond with your dog, together.
    * All Sniffspot articles are reviewed by certified trainers for quality, please see bottom of article for details *

  • How To Groom a Reactive Dog thumbnail

    How To Groom a Reactive Dog

    * All Sniffspot articles are reviewed by certified trainers for quality, please see bottom of article for details *

Sniffspot community guides

Top dog trainers in the US

City dog parks guides

  • Big Dog Run Philadelphia: Top Parks & Sniffspots thumbnail

    Big Dog Run Philadelphia: Top Parks & Sniffspots

    Finding a great big dog run Philadelphia can be tough. So many parks are crowded or just too small. This guide simplifies your search. We're covering the best dog parks in Philly, from public favorites to private Sniffspots. Plus, we'll explore other dog-friendly things to do in Philadelphia. Let's find the perfect spot for your pup to play!

    Philadelphia Dog Parks: Public & Private Options


    This page is about public city dog parks and also includes Sniffspot private dog parks. Sniffspot is the largest network of private dog parks for rent in the world!

  • Sniffspot: Denver's Best Private Dog Parks thumbnail

    Sniffspot: Denver's Best Private Dog Parks

    Finding the perfect off-leash dog park in Denver can be ruff! From crowded public parks to hidden gems, this guide explores the best spots for your pup's next adventure. We'll cover popular public parks and introduce you to Sniffspot, a platform connecting dog owners with private, vetted off-leash areas in Denver and beyond. Let's find your dog's new favorite place to play!

    Denver Dog Parks: Public vs. Private


    This page is about public city dog parks and also includes Sniffspot private dog parks.

  • Best Dog Parks Near Me in Atlanta thumbnail

    Best Dog Parks Near Me in Atlanta

    Looking for the perfect dog park near me in Atlanta? This guide covers everything from public off-leash areas to private fenced-in spots. We'll help you find the best fit for your pup, whether you're looking for a quick romp or a private dog park near me rental.

    Find the Perfect Dog Park in Atlanta: Public & Private Options


    This page is about public city dog parks and also includes Sniffspot private dog parks. Sniffspot is the largest network of private dog parks for rent in the world!

  • The Best Dog Beaches in the United States: Your Ultimate Guide to Paw-some Coastal Adventures thumbnail

    The Best Dog Beaches in the United States: Your Ultimate Guide to Paw-some Coastal Adventures

    Discovering the best dog beaches where your furry friend can splash, swim, and play in the sand is pure tail-wagging bliss! From the scenic Highway 1 coastline of Central California to hidden coastal gems across the country, we've sniffed out the most paw-fect beach destinations for you and your four-legged companion.

  • Find a Sniffspot Near Me: Your Dog Park Guide thumbnail

    Find a Sniffspot Near Me: Your Dog Park Guide

    Finding a safe place for your dog to run free can be tricky. A securely fenced dog park offers peace of mind, especially if your pup is an escape artist. This guide explores public and private dog parks, including the benefits of renting a private spot, especially through Sniffspot. Whether you're searching for a "sniffspot near me" for a quick playdate or need a dedicated training space, we'll help you find the perfect fit for your furry friend. We'll also cover Sniffspot's pricing, Sniffpass, and how to create your own private dog park.

  • Top 10 Indoor Dog Parks: A US Guide thumbnail

    Top 10 Indoor Dog Parks: A US Guide

    Looking for a space to play with your dog no matter what the weather’s like outside? Look no further than our list of the best indoor dog parks in the United States! These climate-controlled spaces are growing in popularity as pet ownership increases throughout the country. As a bonus, many of them also offer dog training, boarding, grooming, or daycare services on the premises.

  • Best Public Dog Parks in America: Complete Survey Results from 670+ Dog Parents thumbnail

    Best Public Dog Parks in America: Complete Survey Results from 670+ Dog Parents

    Searching for the best public dog parks in your area can feel overwhelming, especially when you're trying to find that perfect spot where your pup can safely socialize and burn off energy. Whether you're exploring local dog parks in a new neighborhood or researching US dog parks for an upcoming trip, knowing what separates amazing facilities from disappointing ones can save you time, frustration, and potentially dangerous situations.

  • Best Dog Parks in the US: Ultimate Guide to Public & Private Off-Leash Adventures thumbnail

    Best Dog Parks in the US: Ultimate Guide to Public & Private Off-Leash Adventures

    Is your pup giving you those pleading "let me run free" eyes? Whether you're a new dog parent or a seasoned pro looking for fresh adventures, finding the perfect off-leash paradise for your furry friend can feel ruff! From sun-soaked California beaches where your water-loving lab can make a splash to mountain trails in Vermont where your adventure buddy can chase every scent, we've sniffed out the 15 best dog parks across America.

  • Dog Parks Near Me: Las Vegas Edition thumbnail

    Dog Parks Near Me: Las Vegas Edition

    Looking for the perfect dog park near me in Las Vegas? You're in luck! This guide explores all the best options for your pup, from public dog parks to private dog parks near me on Sniffspot. We'll help you find the ideal spot for playtime, socializing, and fresh air. Plus, we'll cover essential etiquette and safety tips to ensure a happy visit for everyone. Get ready for some tail-wagging fun!

  • Top Sniffspot Locations: Find the Perfect Dog Park thumbnail

    Top Sniffspot Locations: Find the Perfect Dog Park

    Looking for the perfect dog park? Whether you need a wide-open public space or a private, fenced-in spot, this guide will help you find the best dog parks across the US. We'll cover top-rated public parks, the perks of private dog parks, and even explore Sniffspot locations – giving your pup a safe and fun place to play. Ready to find your dog's new favorite spot? Let's go!

  • Sniffspot: Portland's Best Private Dog Parks thumbnail

    Sniffspot: Portland's Best Private Dog Parks

    Ready to discover Portland's best dog parks? Whether you're looking for a public park or the unique experience of a private Sniffspot, this guide has you covered. We'll help you find the perfect spot for your pup, with tips on what to bring, how to prepare, and even understanding dog body language. Plus, we'll explore some top Portland dog parks, including public and Sniffspot options, so you can plan your next dog-friendly adventure in the City of Roses.

    Portland Dog Parks: Public & Private Options


    This page is about public city dog parks and also includes Sniffspot private dog parks. Sniffspot is the largest network of private dog parks for rent in the world!

  • Small Dog Park Guide: Tips for Finding the Perfect Spot thumbnail

    Small Dog Park Guide: Tips for Finding the Perfect Spot

    Finding the perfect dog park for your small breed can be ruff! Big dog parks can be overwhelming, even dangerous, for little pups. This comprehensive guide helps you sniff out the best small dog parks for your pint-sized companion, covering everything from essential safety checklists to top recommendations for small dog parks across the US—including both public spots and private dog parks.

Dogs breeds

  • German Shepherd Dogs: Insights From Real Dog Owners thumbnail

    German Shepherd Dogs: Insights From Real Dog Owners

    The German Shepherd Dog (GSDs) are known for their intelligence, loyalty, and striking appearance. They're also incredibly versatile, excelling as working dogs and devoted family companions. This guide covers everything you need to know about GSDs, from understanding their unique traits and rich history to practical advice on training and care. So, whether you're a seasoned GSD owner or just starting your research, let's explore this remarkable breed together.

  • Understanding Your Doberman's Energy Levels and Needs thumbnail

    Understanding Your Doberman's Energy Levels and Needs

    Discover the Doberman Pinscher, a breed celebrated for its alert, loyal, and trainable nature. Considered a large dog, Doberman Pinschers were originally bred in Germany for guarding, protection, and police work beginning in the 1890s.

  • Staffordshire Bull Terrier: The Ultimate Breed Guide thumbnail

    Staffordshire Bull Terrier: The Ultimate Breed Guide

    Discover the Staffordshire Bull Terrier, a breed celebrated for its loyal, playful, and friendly nature. Recognized as a medium-sized dog, Staffordshire Bull Terriers originated in the United Kingdom, where they were initially bred for bull-baiting and later for dog fighting starting in the early 19th century.

  • French Bulldogs for First-Time Owners: A Guide thumbnail

    French Bulldogs for First-Time Owners: A Guide

    Discover the French Bulldog, a breed celebrated for its playful, friendly, and curious nature. Recognized as a small dog, French Bulldogs have their origins in France, where they were initially bred for companionship starting in the 1800s century.

  • Yorkshire Terriers: What Were They Bred For? thumbnail

    Yorkshire Terriers: What Were They Bred For?

    Discover the Yorkshire Terrier, a breed celebrated for its playful, friendly, and intelligent nature. Recognized as a small dog, Yorkshire Terriers have their origins in England, where they were initially bred for hunting vermin in textile mills and mines starting in the mid-19th century.

  • Bull Terrier: Breed Guide, Care, and Temperament thumbnail

    Bull Terrier: Breed Guide, Care, and Temperament

    Discover the Bull Terrier, a breed celebrated for its playful, friendly, and alert nature. Recognized as a medium dog, Bull Terriers have their origins in England, where they were initially bred for fighting and bull-baiting starting in the early 19th century.

  • Pomeranian Dog Breed Guide: Care, Temperament & More thumbnail

    Pomeranian Dog Breed Guide: Care, Temperament & More

    Discover the Pomeranian, a breed celebrated for its friendly, intelligent, and loyal nature. Recognized as a small toy dog, Pomeranians have their origins in Germany, where they were initially bred for herding starting in the 18th century.

  • Dalmatian Owners Guide: Breed Traits & Care Tips thumbnail

    Dalmatian Owners Guide: Breed Traits & Care Tips

    Dalmatians: those iconic spotted dogs. But what's it really like to own one? Beyond the Disney movies, real-life dalmatian owners know these dogs require a lot more than just love. From understanding their unique health needs to mastering their training, there's much to learn. This guide, backed by insights from nearly 100 real-life dalmatian owners, offers practical advice for both new and prospective dalmatian owners.

  • Jack Russell Terrier Breed Guide: All You Need to Know thumbnail

    Jack Russell Terrier Breed Guide: All You Need to Know

    Thinking about adding a Jack Russell Terrier to your family? These small but mighty dogs pack a ton of personality. From their playful energy to their clever antics, there's a lot to love about a Jack Russell. But before you jump in, it's smart to learn about their unique needs. We asked nearly 100 Jack Russell owners on Sniffspot for their best advice. This guide covers everything from training and exercise to health and the everyday joys (and challenges!) of living with a Jack Russell. Get ready to build an amazing bond with your new energetic companion.

  • Labrador Retriever: Ultimate Guide by Owners thumbnail

    Labrador Retriever: Ultimate Guide by Owners

    Discover the Labrador Retriever, a breed celebrated for its playful nature, affectionate temperament, and trainability. Labradors are known for their friendly demeanor and adaptability, making them perfect family companions and versatile working dogs. As one of the most popular types of retrievers, Labs are ideal companions for various lifestyles and are recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC) as an excellent breed for families.

  • Golden Retriever Advice: The Complete Owner's Guide thumbnail

    Golden Retriever Advice: The Complete Owner's Guide

    Golden Retrievers: they're gorgeous, playful, and incredibly popular. But before you welcome one into your home, you need the right golden retriever advice. This guide draws on the wisdom of nearly 10,000 Golden Retriever owners, offering practical tips for caring for these affectionate dogs. From understanding their high energy levels to mastering grooming and training, we'll cover everything you need to know. So whether you're already a devoted Golden parent or just starting your research, get ready to learn how to give your furry friend the best possible care.

  • American Staffordshire Terrier: Your Complete Guide thumbnail

    American Staffordshire Terrier: Your Complete Guide

    Think American Staffordshire Terriers are tough? Think again. While their muscular build might intimidate some, these dogs are known for their playful and loyal personalities. This guide draws on the experience of nearly 10,000 AmStaff owners to reveal the truth about this often misunderstood breed. Want to learn more about caring for an American Staffordshire Terrier? You're in the right place.

  • Australian Shepherd Facts: Breed Info & Care Guide thumbnail

    Australian Shepherd Facts: Breed Info & Care Guide

    Discover the Australian Shepherd, an AKC breed celebrated for its trainable, playful, and affectionate nature. Despite its name, the Australian Shepherd is actually a native breed to the United States, originally developed to breed on farms and ranches. Considered a medium dog, Australian Shepherds were bred for herding beginning in the 1950s. As one of the high-energy breeds, Aussies are known for their boundless energy and need for regular exercise, including aerobic exercise.

  • Essential Husky Facts for Owners: Breed Guide thumbnail

    Essential Husky Facts for Owners: Breed Guide

    Discover the Siberian Husky, a breed celebrated for its curious, intelligent, and loyal nature. Considered a medium-sized dog, Siberian Huskies were originally bred in Russia for sledding, beginning in the early 20th Century. Today, they're one of the most popular active breeds in North America.