Pomeranian Dog Breed Guide: Care, Temperament & More

Discover the Pomeranian, a breed celebrated for its friendly, intelligent, and loyal nature. Recognized as a small toy dog, Pomeranians have their origins in Germany, where they were initially bred for herding starting in the 18th century.

In this post, we share insights from nearly 100 Sniffspot Pomeranian owners, offering practical advice for new and prospective Pomeranian owners. Whether you’re considering adopting or rescuing a Pomeranian or already have one, you’ll find valuable tips on how to care for and enjoy life with a friendly Pomeranian.

Thinking about adding a Pomeranian dog to your life? These fluffy little dynamos are bursting with personality. But what's everyday life really like with a Pom? We asked nearly 100 Sniffspot Pomeranian owners to share their experiences. From temperament and training to grooming and health, we'll give you the inside scoop on Pomeranian dogs. Get ready to discover the real joys and challenges of Pom ownership!

Source: Sniffspot Community Breed Survey 2024

Pomeranian at a Glance

• Breed Type: Toy


• Size: Small


• Life Expectancy: 12 to 16


• Healthy Weight Range: 3 to 7


• Height Range: 6 to 7


• Temperament: Friendly, Intelligent, Loyal


• Coat Type: Long, double coat


• Color: Orange, black, white, cream, blue, brown, red, and a variety of other combinations

Key Takeaways

• Pomeranians are smart, social, and spirited: These petite pups are big on personality and love to be the center of attention. Early socialization and consistent training with positive reinforcement are key for a well-adjusted Pomeranian. They're generally great with kids, but supervision is always a good idea.


• Grooming is essential: A Pomeranian's gorgeous double coat requires a commitment to regular brushing, bathing, and trimming. Never shave a Pom, as their coat protects them from both heat and cold.


• Plan for moderate exercise and be aware of potential health issues: Pomeranians need regular physical activity and mental engagement to stay happy and healthy. Be mindful of common health concerns like dental and joint problems, and consider pet insurance. Choosing a responsible breeder is the first step towards a long, healthy life for your Pom.

Getting to Know the Pomeranian Dog

When living with a Pom, 65% of our owners indicated that a large house with a fenced yard is ideal. Additionally, 56% of owners found that a apartment or condominium with regular walks is also acceptable. This dog is moderately trainable, often benefiting from a professional trainer and owners say that the Pomeranian learns best with positive reinforcement, consistent routines, and socialization.

In terms of exercise, 35% of Sniffspot owners say their Pomeranian benefits from moderate exercise every day, including between 1-2 hours of activity each day, including walks and active play sessions. The Sniffspot Pom community would recommend this dog for first-time owners.

Origins of the Pomeranian

Queen Victoria’s affection for Pomeranians is said to have inspired breeders to make the breed even smaller, solidifying its status as a toy breed. The modern Pomeranian we know today typically weighs between 3 and 7 pounds and retains its characteristic fluffy coat, erect ears, and fox-like face. Their compact size, combined with a vibrant and bold personality, made them especially popular among European aristocracy and the general public alike.

Today, Pomeranians are beloved for their intelligence, outgoing nature, and striking appearance. Despite their small stature, they maintain a big-dog attitude, often displaying high energy and a strong desire to be the center of attention. They thrive as companion dogs and can adapt well to various living environments, from city apartments to large homes.

Queen Victoria's Influence

Queen Victoria’s preference for smaller Poms encouraged breeders to miniaturize the breed, solidifying its classification as a toy breed. This shift not only changed the Pomeranian's size but also enhanced its appeal. Their compact size and vibrant personalities, combined with royal approval, made them favorites among both the elite and the general public, as our survey data confirms. This royal influence shaped the Pomeranian into the charming companion we know and adore today.

Pomeranian Temperament and Traits

• Temperament: Friendly, Intelligent, Loyal


• Energy Level: Moderate


• Trainability: Moderately trainable – Learns commands with consistent training and practice.


• Grooming needs: High maintenance – Requires frequent grooming, including regular brushing, bathing, and trimming.


• Good with Kids: Very friendly and social with children


• Good with Other Pets: Cautious around new pets

Personality Nuances

Vocalizations and Sassy Behavior

Stubbornness and Willfulness

Picky Eating Habits

Suitability for Families with Children

Their perky and friendly nature makes them fun companions, but that same boldness can sometimes lead to stubbornness. They are alert and can make good watchdogs, but their tendency to bark might require some training. Early socialization is important to help them become well-adjusted adults. Sniffspot can be a great resource for finding safe and controlled environments for socializing your Pomeranian.

Pomeranian Ownership: What to Expect

Pomeranian Grooming Guide

To keep your Pomeranian’s coat healthy and up to breed standards, brush at least twice a week to avoid matting. Of the coat types for breeds in the toy group, the grooming needs for Pomeranian are considered to be high maintenance.

Shedding and Coat Care

Bathing your Pomeranian every few weeks will help keep their coat clean and fresh. Be sure to use a dog-specific shampoo and conditioner to avoid skin irritation. After bath time, thorough drying is essential. Towel drying followed by a gentle blow-dry (on a cool setting) will prevent chills and help maintain that signature Pomeranian fluff. Remember, neglecting regular brushing can lead to matting, which can be uncomfortable for your dog and might require a professional groomer to fix.

Trimming vs. Shaving

It's crucial to understand that you should never shave a Pomeranian. Their double coat plays a vital role in regulating their body temperature, protecting them from both heat and cold. Shaving disrupts this natural insulation and can lead to skin problems and difficulty regulating body temperature. Trimming, on the other hand, maintains the coat's protective qualities while keeping it manageable. If you're unsure about how to trim your Pomeranian's coat, consult a professional groomer for guidance. They can show you the proper techniques and recommend the right tools.

Exercise Essentials for Your Pomeranian

When small breeds like Poms don’t get sufficient exercise, they’re more likely to act out with undesirable behaviors like excessive barking, stubbornness, and separation anxiety. They need consistent training, mental activity, and regular moderate exercise to avoid excess energy.

Feeding Your Pomeranian

With moderate exercise, Poms should eat 0.25 to 0.5 cups of vet-recommended food to maintain a healthy weight of around 3 to 7 lbs. However, your Pomeranian’s ideal weight and food depend on your pet’s sex, activity level, and age.

Dietary Needs

Talk to your veterinarian to figure out the best diet for your Pomeranian. Factors like their age, activity level, and any specific health concerns will influence their dietary needs. Your vet can help you choose a food that supports their well-being and helps maintain a healthy weight. The WSAVA also offers helpful resources on dog nutrition.

Puppy Food Considerations

Select a puppy food designed for small breeds, as these formulas often have higher protein and calorie levels to match their energy needs. Keep an eye on your puppy's weight and adjust their food as needed to prevent them from becoming overweight or underweight. Regular vet checkups are important during puppyhood to ensure they're growing well and getting proper nutrition.

Preventing Obesity

Along with exercise, portion control is essential for weight management. Follow the guidelines on your dog food packaging and check with your vet to determine the right portion size for your Pomeranian. Limit treats and table scraps, as these add extra calories. Regularly weigh your Pomeranian and adjust their food intake to keep them at a healthy weight. A balanced diet and plenty of exercise will help your Pomeranian live a long, healthy, and happy life.

Pomeranian Health: What to Watch For

Similarly, 30% reported joint problems like arthritis, elbow dysplasia, degenerative issues, and osteosarcoma. Lastly, 26% of Pomeranian owners claim their dog struggles with skin conditions like allergies, yeast infections, impetigo, ringworm, alopecia, and folliculitis — a common Pom health concern. If you’re worried about any of these health issues above, talk to your Pom’s vet.

Common Health Issues

Alopecia X

Patellar Luxation

Congenital Portosystemic Shunt

Gallbladder Mucocoele

Atlantoaxial Subluxation

Tracheal Collapse

Cryptorchidism

Merle-Related Issues

Hypoglycemia

Importance of Responsible Breeding

Discussing Health History with Breeders

Pet Insurance Recommendation

Are Pomeranians Friendly?

With moderate training, you can hone your Pom’s toy instinct into a friendly and intelligent family dog. Introducing your pet to positive reinforcement (treats, praise, rewards) and consistent daily training routines early helps them avoid undesirable behaviors like barking, stubbornness, and separation anxiety. Our community Pomeranian owners comment on their pet’s friendliness:

• I like how easily trainable they are so that they can always be learning new tricks. (Anon)


• She’s obnoxiously energetic. She never sits still, is always down to play or be pet. (Kiko)


• He’s always up for anything! (Anon)

Training Your Pomeranian

As a toy breed, Pomeranians benefit from praise and positive reinforcement. Here’s what our Pom community recommended based on their experience with their own dogs:

• Positive Reinforcement (93%): This includes treats, praise, rewards, and so on for positive behavior


• Consistent Routines (40%): A consistent training routine allows your pet to get comfortable with expectations


• Socialization (37%): Socializing your dog with other pets, dogs, and people prepares them to interact with the world

Importance of Early Training and Socialization

Socialization is equally important. Exposing your Pomeranian to various people, places, and other animals—especially during puppyhood—helps them become well-adjusted adults. This reduces the likelihood of fear-based behaviors like excessive barking or aggression. A well-socialized Pom is more likely to be confident and comfortable in different situations. Consider taking your Pom to Sniffspot dog parks to socialize with other dogs in a safe and controlled environment.

Housebreaking Challenges

If you're struggling with housebreaking, don't get discouraged. Positive reinforcement methods, patience, and a consistent routine will eventually pay off. If you're facing persistent challenges, consider consulting a professional dog trainer for personalized guidance. Remember, even with challenges, the companionship of a Pom is worth the effort!

Why Pomeranian Owners Adore Their Dogs

• They are full of fun energy and attitude and are just adorable all the way around. (Anon)


• Pierre is a rescue Pomeranian mix. His breed makes him naturally loyal and protective of his human and environment (including his rescue horse brother). He’s all bark and no bite making him a great teacher to people scared of dogs (and a LOUD deterrent to sketchy people approaching the car). He’s the guard dog no one asked for but everyone needs. (Maya + Pierre the pup)


• His energy and playfulness. He could play fetch for 4 hours if we let him. (Fiona)

Challenges of Pomeranian Ownership

• Independence makes training challenging sometimes, noisy alert dogs! (Kezia)


• Maintaining their coat can be difficult or expensive, especially in the summer months, and just being aware of their size and making sure you don’t overfeed. They tend to have dental problems earlier than most dogs. They have a tendency to be talkative as well, which may annoy neighbors. (Anon)


• The Velcro nature of the breed makes it tough to train sometimes. He’s so locked in on you, you can’t get space. Our professional trainer says she’s training Pierre with the opposite of what dog owners usually need (“stay away from me” instead of “come back to me”). Their spatial awareness is challenging. (Maya + Pierre the pup)

Is a Pomeranian Right for You?

According to 72% of our Sniffspot community, Pomeranians are a great first-time dog. This comes from their friendly nature and moderate exercise needs. Pomeranian owners say it best:

• His energy and playfulness. He could play fetch for 4 hours if we let him. (Fiona)


• I like how easily trainable they are so that they can always be learning new tricks. (Anon)


• She’s obnoxiously energetic. She never sits still, is always down to play or be pet. (Kiko)

Considering Temperament, Size, and Care Needs

Size-wise, Pomeranians are a small toy breed, typically weighing between three and seven pounds and standing seven to twelve inches tall. Despite their small stature, they have big personalities and a bit of a "big dog" attitude. They often have lots of energy and love being the center of attention. You can find more details on the breed standard at the Wikipedia page for Pomeranians.

When it comes to care, Pomeranians require a fair amount of grooming because of their long, double coat. Owners should be prepared for frequent brushing, bathing, and trimming to keep their Pom's coat healthy and prevent matting. Our Sniffspot Community Breed Survey indicated that most owners recommend brushing at least twice a week. Pomeranians also benefit from moderate exercise—around one to two hours of activity each day, including walks, playtime, and visits to Sniffspot dog parks.

Tips for Pomeranian Owners

Finding a Reputable Breeder

Start your search by researching breeders online. The Pomeranian Breeder Directory is a valuable resource for finding AKC-registered Pomeranian breeders near you. Also check out Belle House Pomeranians and Pretty Pomeranian for more tips on finding reputable breeders and avoiding common pitfalls. You can also find dog parks near you through Sniffspot to connect with other Pomeranian owners and potentially find breeder recommendations.

When you contact a breeder, ask about their breeding practices, the health testing they perform on their dogs, and how they socialize their puppies. Be wary of breeders who prioritize profit over proper care, like puppy mills and some pet stores. NAHF offers helpful guidance on selecting a Pomeranian breeder and ensuring you bring home a healthy, happy pet. Remember, choosing a responsible breeder is the first step in welcoming a well-adjusted Pomeranian into your life and sets the stage for a positive experience at places like dog water parks and other fun activities.

Big Personality in a Small Package: What to Expect

• Prepare for a real dog! Some Pomeranians are content as a lap dog, but I have found most are not. Mine are high energy both physically and mentally. (Kezia)


• Do your research, meet the breed, ask good questions. They are small and adorable but have big attitudes and feelings. (Deb)

Early Training is Key (Especially for Barking)

• Work on barking behaviour right away, otherwise your neighbours are going to hate you. And just because they are smaller breeds, don’t underestimate the level of exercise and energy draining Pomeranians need especially for preventive health. Find outlets that work for your dog – it may be fetch, it may be tug, it may be games, it may be sniffing… (Maya + Pierre the pup)


• Be ready to train young and be willing to listen to lots of barking. (KR)

Grooming and Dental Care for Your Pomeranian

• Just make sure you can afford regular grooming and dental care. (Anon)


• Make sure you research everything and understand the grooming requirements. (SC)

Socialization Tips for Your Pomeranian

• Need to socialize early with lots of training and some shedding. (Jeannette)


• Treat them like a large dog and socialize in all environments. (Brytany)

Cost of Owning a Pomeranian

The initial purchase price for a Pomeranian puppy can range from $600 to $6,000, depending on the breeder's reputation, the dog's lineage, and other factors. Adopting or rescuing a Pomeranian is generally less expensive and a wonderful way to give a dog a loving home. However, even with adoption, there are fees involved, so be sure to check with your local shelters and rescue organizations.

Beyond the initial cost, the first year of Pomeranian ownership typically requires between $4,780 and $6,080, according to A-Z Animals. This covers essential expenses like initial vet visits, vaccinations, spaying/neutering, food, toys, a bed, leash, collar, and potentially training classes. Professional training can be especially helpful with Pomeranians, as they can sometimes be stubborn learners. For example, training can help address excessive barking, a common trait among Pomeranians.

After the first year, you can anticipate annual costs of around $2,000 or more. This covers recurring expenses like food, treats, toys, grooming, routine vet checkups, flea and tick prevention, and other necessities. Grooming can be a significant ongoing expense for Pomeranians due to their thick double coats. Regular brushing and occasional professional grooming are essential to prevent matting and maintain their coat's health. You can find helpful dog grooming tips and resources online.

Over your Pomeranian's lifespan of 13 to 16 years, the total cost of ownership can range from $109,475 to $141,545, as estimated by Pawsome Authority. This comprehensive estimate includes everything from food and healthcare to grooming and other living expenses. It's important to remember that these are estimates, and the actual cost can vary depending on your dog's individual needs and your lifestyle choices. Unexpected vet bills can also arise, so consider pet insurance to help manage these costs.

While these figures might seem daunting, remember that the joy and companionship a Pomeranian brings are often priceless. By understanding the financial commitment upfront and budgeting accordingly, you can ensure a happy and healthy life for your furry friend. Consider exploring resources like Sniffspot's dog parks to find affordable ways to enrich your Pomeranian's life with fun and stimulating activities. Sniffspot offers a variety of dog-friendly spaces, including dog parks, trails, and even water parks, providing opportunities for exercise and socialization.

Frequently Asked Questions about the Pomeranian

Pomeranian Lifespan

Pomeranian Size and Weight

"Teacup" Pomeranians: Myth vs. Reality

Pomeranians descended from much larger spitz-type dogs bred for herding and sledding in Arctic regions. Over time, selective breeding resulted in the smaller size we see today. Queen Victoria's love for the breed in the 19th century further popularized the Pomeranian as a fashionable companion, leading to the development of the toy-sized version we know and love. However, striving for even tinier dogs can sometimes compromise their health and well-being. You can learn more about Pomeranian history, including Queen Victoria's influence, on the Ollie blog.

Be cautious of breeders promoting "Teacup" Pomeranians. These dogs may be more prone to health problems and may not meet breed standards. Responsible breeders prioritize a dog's health and temperament over size, ensuring that Pomeranians remain the friendly, intelligent, and loyal companions we adore.

Pomeranian Grooming Frequency

To maintain your Pomeranian’s coat, it’s important to brush at least twice a week to avoid matting. Among toy breeds, Pomeranian grooming is categorized as more complicated.

Pomeranian Exercise Requirements

Poms are excellent companions and thrive with between 1-2 hours of activity each day, including walks and active play sessions. Owners of Poms note that their dogs particularly enjoy playing with squeaky toys, puzzle toys, and running/jogging.

If small breeds like Poms don’t receive enough exercise, they may develop unwanted behaviors. These dogs need ongoing training, mental stimulation, and consistent exercise to channel their energy effectively.

Are Pomeranians Good with Children?

Do Pomeranians Get Along with Other Pets?

Best Food Choices for a Healthy Pomeranian

For optimal health, Poms should consume 0.25 to 0.5 cups of vet-recommended food to maintain a healthy weight around 3 to 7 pounds. The exact amount and type of food will depend on your Pomeranian’s sex, activity level, and age.

Common Pomeranian Health Issues

Additionally, 30% reported joint problems like arthritis, elbow dysplasia, degenerative issues, and osteosarcoma. Finally, 26% of Pomeranian owners indicated their dog struggles with skin conditions like allergies, yeast infections, impetigo, ringworm, alopecia, and folliculitis, which are common Pom health concerns. If you have concerns about any of these health issues, consult your Pom’s veterinarian.

Helpful Resources for Pomeranian Owners

• Most Popular Names for Pomeranians


• Best Small Dog Rescues and Shelters


• American Pomeranian Club

• Pomeranian Dog Breed Information. (American Kennel Club)


• Pomeranian (Pom). (The Spruce Pets)

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