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Understanding and Managing Your Dog's Anxiety

Understanding and Managing Your Dog's Anxiety

David Adams

September 10, 2025

Dog Reactivity

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* All Sniffspot articles are reviewed by certified trainers for quality, please see bottom of article for details *

Does your dog pace, pant, or destroy things when alone? These could be signs of anxiety in dogs. It's a common problem, but thankfully, there are ways to help. This guide explores the different types of canine anxiety, including separation anxiety and noise phobias. We'll cover how to recognize the subtle signs of stress in dogs, plus practical training tips and ways to create a supportive environment. Let's help your dog live a calmer, happier life.

Small amounts of anxiety can be a normal part of everyday life without lasting negative effects. A high level of anxiety, though, can become long-term problems or even indicate a different underlying cognition (like chronic pain). If your dog is feeling anxious all or most of the time, that’s going to disrupt their quality of life — and yours as their caretaker.

Anxiety might be the result of past experiences, your pup’s innate temperament (we all have unique individual personalities), age, or a few other factors.

This article outlines everything you need to know about anxiety in dogs. What are the symptoms of anxiety? What are its causes? How can you manage life with an anxious pup?

What is canine anxiety?

Dog owners (and even some dog trainers) often use the word “anxious” interchangeably with “fearful.” When it comes to the technical definitions of the terms, though, anxiety is actually not quite fear.

Let’s take a look at the distinctions.

Key Takeaways

Recognize the signs and address the underlying causes of anxiety: Anxiety in dogs often manifests as excessive panting, barking, destructive behaviors, and changes in body language. Addressing the root causes, such as lack of socialization or past trauma, is key to effective management.

A combination of management and training offers the best long-term solution: While short-term calming aids can provide temporary relief, focus on long-term strategies like exercise, mental enrichment, and positive reinforcement training to build your dog's confidence and resilience.

Professional guidance is essential for personalized support: Consult a certified professional dog trainer for guidance on behavior modification techniques tailored to your dog's specific needs. Your veterinarian can also help rule out medical conditions and offer additional support.

What is fear?

Fear is an instinctive emotion animals experience when faced with an external threat (whether real or just perceived). It can be caused by specific situations, people, other pets, objects, and so on.

When our dogs experience fear, their bodies prepare for “fight or flight” by freezing and subconsciously taking inventory of the situation.

Fear is a completely normal response that’s actually essential for survival. In an evolutionary context, the ability to feel fear can greatly increase an animal’s chance of survival — hence the common phrase “healthy fear” we use when talking about things that are actually dangerous.

Some fears are abnormal, though. It’s possible to perceive a threat that isn’t actually there or to have a reaction far more intense than what the stimulus actually warrants.

(Thankfully, most abnormal fear responses can be helped with gradual, supported exposure and things like counterconditioning — more on this in our articles about fear aggression and dog reactivity.)

What is a phobia?

A phobia is a fear that is both excessive and persistent. Once a dog experiences a phobic event, they might find themselves entering a full-blown panicked response if they associate anything in the environment with its memory. Phobias often get worse over repeated exposures to the scary stimuli.

Noise phobias are the most commonly seen in pet dogs.

What is anxiety?

While fear is an emotion elicited by the present situation — things happening in real time — anxiety is defined as the anticipation of an imagined or unknown future danger. This results in a similar physiological response to fear, but on a more chronic basis (and without the survival benefits they evolved to achieve).

Separation anxiety is the most common specific anxiety in pet canines. Dogs with separation anxiety can’t relax when they aren’t around their key attachment figure. You can read more in our separation anxiety article!
A stressed out, anxious dog curled up in a small position showing the whites of their eyes

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Types of Anxiety in Dogs

Dogs experience several different types of anxiety. Some anxieties are very specific, like a fear of thunderstorms, while others are more general, like feeling nervous when left alone. Let's explore some of the most common anxieties affecting our canine companions.

Separation Anxiety

Separation anxiety is the most common specific anxiety in dogs. Dogs with separation anxiety can’t relax when they aren’t around their key attachment figure. Often, this anxiety manifests as destructive behaviors around the house (like chewing furniture or excessive barking) when their person is gone. You can learn more about separation anxiety in our dedicated article.

Noise Anxiety

Noise anxieties—fear of loud noises—are very common in dogs. While any loud noise can be upsetting to some dogs, two noise-related anxieties are especially prevalent.

Thunderstorm Anxiety

Thunderstorm anxiety is a specific type of noise anxiety where dogs exhibit fear and stress during thunderstorms. This can be triggered by the loud booms of thunder, the flashes of lightning, or even changes in barometric pressure. The American Kennel Club offers helpful information on treating dog anxiety, including thunderstorm anxiety.

Fireworks Anxiety

Fireworks anxiety is another common form of noise anxiety, where dogs may react with fear and panic during fireworks displays. The loud bangs and bright flashes can be extremely distressing for many dogs. For tips on handling firework anxiety, check out the AKC's advice on treating dog anxiety.

Age-Related Anxiety (Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome)

Age-related anxiety is often linked to cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS), similar to Alzheimer's disease in humans. CDS primarily affects older dogs and can cause changes in behavior, including increased anxiety, confusion, and disorientation. The AKC provides further details on CDS and its effects.

Anxiety Related to New or Traumatic Experiences

Anxiety can also stem from new experiences or traumatic events, such as moving to a new home, a stay at the veterinary clinic, or past abuse. Changes in routine or environment can be particularly challenging for some dogs. The Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine offers insights into anxiety related to new or traumatic experiences.

Signs your dog is anxious

Because we can’t actually know what’s going on inside our dogs’ heads, we have to rely on their body language cues to try to understand what they’re feeling. For this reason, many signs of fear and anxiety overlap in our pets.

These signs of anxiety might indicate that your dog is having a hard time:

Excessive panting

Excessive barking or whining

Destructive behavior in the house (especially in adult dogs who aren’t teething)

Pacing

Shaking

Drooling

Vomiting

Urinating or defecating indoors

Compulsive or repetitive behaviors

Growling, lunging, or snapping (many fearful or anxious displays are often mistaken as aggressive behavior)

Again: It’s normal for your dog to be fearful on occasion and to display these behaviors in certain situations. Remember they don’t have verbal language like we do!

If you notice that these signs occur excessively, though — or if you can’t clearly tell what’s causing them — it’s worth considering if your dog might be struggling with some chronic anxiety.

Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety

Generalized anxiety is a more pervasive form of anxiety, meaning it isn’t tied to any one specific trigger. Dogs with generalized anxiety tend to be anxious much of the time, regardless of the situation. Common signs include excessive panting, barking or whining, destructive behavior (like chewing furniture or shredding things when they're alone), pacing, shaking, drooling, vomiting, and inappropriate urination or defecation. They might also display compulsive or repetitive behaviors. In some cases, growling, lunging, or snapping can be anxiety-related, especially if the dog is feeling overwhelmed or cornered.

Symptoms of Separation Anxiety

Separation anxiety is the most common specific anxiety in dogs. It's triggered by being separated from their guardians or key attachment figures. Dogs with separation anxiety struggle to relax when they're left alone. They might exhibit similar symptoms to generalized anxiety, such as destructive behavior, excessive vocalization, and house soiling. You can learn more about how to address this in our article on separation anxiety.

Symptoms of Noise Anxiety

Noise anxiety, also known as noise phobia, is often triggered by loud noises like thunderstorms or fireworks. Affected dogs might show extreme fear responses during these events, including panting, pacing, hiding, trembling, and destructive behavior. Some dogs might even try to escape their homes out of fear. For more information on how to help your dog with noise anxiety, check out our article on noise anxiety.

Symptoms of Age-Related Anxiety

As dogs age, they can experience anxiety related to cognitive decline, similar to dementia in humans. This is often linked to cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS). Symptoms can include restlessness, pacing, disorientation, changes in sleep patterns, increased vocalization, and house soiling. If you notice these changes in your senior dog, consult your veterinarian to discuss potential treatments and management strategies.

Body Language Indicators of Anxiety

Recognizing anxiety in dogs often involves understanding their body language. While some signs are obvious, others are more subtle. Here are a few key body language indicators to watch for:

Whale Eye

“Whale eye” refers to when you can see the whites of your dog’s eyes (the sclera) because they’re widening their eyes and looking away from something stressful. It’s a subtle but important sign that your dog is feeling uncomfortable or anxious. They might also show a tense facial expression and hold their body rigidly. For a deeper understanding of canine body language, you can explore resources like this guide from the American Kennel Club.

Hesitant Posture

A hesitant posture is another indicator of anxiety. Your dog might appear unsure or reluctant to move forward, often with a lowered body and tucked tail. They might freeze in place or move very slowly, showing a lack of confidence in their surroundings. Creating a safe and comfortable environment can help ease anxiety. Sniffspot offers private dog parks that can provide a secure space for anxious dogs to explore and play without the stress of unfamiliar dogs or crowded public parks.

Other Body Language Cues

Other signs of anxiety can include yawning, excessive licking (especially of their lips or nose), and avoiding eye contact. Your dog might also tuck their tail between their legs, flatten their ears against their head, or display a general sense of unease. Remember, it's important to consider the context of these behaviors. For example, a dog yawning after waking up is normal, but excessive yawning in a stressful situation could indicate anxiety. If you're unsure, consulting a certified dog trainer or veterinarian can be helpful. You can find top dog trainers recommended by Sniffspot.

Understanding the Context of Symptoms

It’s important to remember that these symptoms don’t always mean your dog has an anxiety disorder. For example, panting can be a normal response to exercise or heat. Similarly, barking can be a way for dogs to communicate or express excitement. The key is to consider the context of these symptoms. If they occur excessively, without a clear trigger, or in situations that wouldn’t normally warrant such a response, it may indicate underlying anxiety. If you're concerned about your dog's behavior, it's always best to consult with a veterinarian or a certified professional dog trainer. They can help you determine the underlying cause of the symptoms and develop a plan to address any potential anxiety issues.

Get your dog the safe enrichment they need by renting a Sniffspot

What causes anxiety in dogs?

No one knows exactly what causes anxiety in dogs. Every dog is an individual — and every situation is different, too. That said, a range of things are associated with potential anxiety problems in our canine companions, from genetic conditions, problems with puppy socialization (or lack of), and age-related health conditions such as doggy dementia.

Some of the most common causes of fear and anxiety in dogs include:

Feeling forced into unfamiliar experiences or a stressful situation (this is one reason it’s so important to take socialization slowly, at a pace your puppy is comfortable with, and to allow environmental desensitization to happen gradually)

Not experiencing sufficient environmental exposure during the critical socialization window (until around 14 to 16 weeks of age)

Physical pain, especially if chronic

Illness and disease that affect your dog’s central nervous system, like viral infections or other toxic responses

The natural aging process that can cause confusion as your dog gets older

Is your dog’s anxiety your fault as their owner?

Many pet owners find themselves asking if they caused their dog to be anxious. Some old-school trainers perpetuate this myth, only making things worse for dog lovers who are already overwhelmed.

We’re here to tell you that your dog’s anxiety is not your fault. While it’s certainly possible that some environmental and social factors have played into their development (and that those have been influenced in some ways by you as their caretaker) there are countless variables at play. Nothing with your dog happens in a vacuum!

Say it with us: You love your dog. You do your best for them. You are not their key source of anxiety. Many dogs develop anxiety through absolutely no fault of their owners. Do not shoulder the blame for something so largely out of your control.

Medical Causes of Anxiety

Sometimes, anxiety is secondary to an underlying medical condition. If your dog suddenly develops anxiety or their anxiety seems to get much worse very quickly, it’s important to schedule a check-up with your veterinarian. Many illnesses and injuries can cause behavioral changes, including increased anxiety.

Some medical reasons for anxiety in dogs include:

Physical pain, especially if chronic

Illness and disease that affect your dog’s central nervous system, like viral infections or other toxic responses

Cognitive decline or age-related confusion

Your vet can help determine if your dog’s anxiety is rooted in a medical issue. They can also advise you on the best course of treatment, which may include medication or other therapies.

Environmental Causes of Anxiety

Our dogs’ environments play a huge role in their emotional wellbeing. Think about it: so many parts of our pets’ lives aren’t compatible with their natural instincts and drives. Things like living in crowded cities or not performing the jobs they were originally bred for can take a toll.

Some environmental factors that can contribute to a dog’s anxiety include:

A lack of early socialization: Puppies have a critical socialization period (up until around 14 to 16 weeks of age). Not experiencing enough positive exposure to different sights, sounds, people, places, and other animals during this key developmental stage can lead to anxiety later in life. You can learn more about puppy socialization.

Sudden changes in routine or environment: Moving to a new home, changes in family dynamics (like a new baby or a loss), or even switching to a different dog food can be unsettling for some dogs.

Exposure to traumatic events: A negative experience, such as being attacked by another dog or involved in a car accident, can cause long-lasting anxiety.

Feeling forced into unfamiliar or stressful situations: It’s important to take socialization slowly, at a pace your puppy is comfortable with. Allow them to gradually desensitize to new environments. Forcing a fearful dog to interact can worsen their anxiety.

Creating a safe, predictable, and enriching environment can significantly help an anxious dog. Booking a private Sniffspot can give your dog a safe space to decompress and enjoy themselves without the pressure of interacting with unfamiliar dogs.

Social Causes of Anxiety

Just like us, dogs are social creatures. Their relationships with other dogs and humans can significantly impact their emotional state. Some social factors that can contribute to anxiety include:

Lack of early socialization with other dogs: If puppies don’t have positive interactions with other dogs during their critical socialization period, they may develop anxiety around other canines later in life.

Negative experiences with other dogs: Being attacked or bullied by another dog can create lasting anxiety.

Changes in social dynamics within the household: The introduction of a new pet or the loss of a companion animal can disrupt the social balance and trigger anxiety in some dogs.

Inconsistent or unpredictable interactions with humans: Dogs thrive on routine and clear communication. Inconsistent training methods, unpredictable responses from owners, or a lack of clear boundaries can cause anxiety.

If your dog’s anxiety stems from social situations, working with a qualified certified professional dog trainer or a certified applied animal behaviorist can be incredibly helpful. They can help you develop strategies to address your dog’s specific anxieties and improve their social skills.

How to manage dog anxiety in the short term

Thundershirts or other “anxiety wraps”

Thundershirts and similar anxiety wraps apply a constant, mild pressure to the dog’s torso, in a soothing way. (Think of this like swaddling a baby — it’s a similar idea.)

Some dogs take very well to these wraps and find them effective, while others don’t. It’s difficult to know ahead of time whether they will work for your dog — but you can always try making a DIY version to see how your pup responds.

Anti anxiety dog beds

There are a few types of dog beds that may help with anxiety.

Bolsters

Bolsters are raised edges that run along the side of a bed (ideal for curling against or leaning on).

Burrow beds

Burrow beds or “cave-style” beds are kind of like a sleeping bag. They’re ideal for dogs who feel safest under blankets.

Do anti anxiety dog beds actually work?

It’s tough to say. One of these beds may be comforting to an anxious dog, especially if they feel particularly worried overnight and sleep in a different room than you do. However, there is no definitive data on their effectiveness.

There is little risk associated with them (they’re not going to make your dog’s anxiety worse, so feel free to give them a try), but keep in mind that many high end pet products can get expensive.

You might consider allocating your resources to professional training instead.

Dog calming sprays

Pet calming sprays use calming pheromones to help soothe stressed out dogs or cats. You simply need to spray (or use a diffuser) in the room that your dog is in. Like most products marketed for our pets’ fears and anxieties, the jury is still out on whether or not they actually work.

Most of the published research has been done on Feliway (cat pheromones) and D.A.P. (Dog Appeasing Pheromone). In several studies, both of these products seemed to help soothe stressed pets under some circumstances. (However, most of these studies were funded by the products’ maker — so take them with a grain of salt.)

Calming treats for dogs

A variety of “calming treats” are widely available these days. These treats may contain anything from chamomile to melatonin to CBD or a combination.

CBD calming treats

CBD treats are becoming increasingly popular, and some dog parents report that they find them effective, but keep in mind that at this time, there are no FDA-approved CBD products for pets.)

Other calming treats

There is some data that Anxitane, Zylkene, Soliquin, and similar veterinary over-the-counter calming non-CBD products can help alleviate anxiety in our pets. Many of these options include L-Theanine, milk products such as casein, and herbal ingredients.

Always talk with your veterinarian before giving your dog any new medication, even if it’s sold over the counter. Remember that even if calming treats work well for your dog — and they might! — you will still likely need to use them in combination with behavior modification training.

High anxiety dog crates

Some anxious dogs, particularly those with separation anxiety, may benefit from certain types of dog crates. Dog trainers generally recommend choosing a crate that is not too big (some anxious dogs like a smaller crate for coziness), cave-like (rather than cage-like), 100% secure, and that contains nothing that can be chewed.

Keep in mind that simply putting your anxious dog into a crate will not automatically calm them down — and in some cases, being confined can make things worse. You should always take care to properly condition your dog to any tool you use and work with a professional trainer to ensure a positive experience if in doubt. This will make sure their kennel is a safe space, not a stressful situation.

Learn about crate training:

How to crate train an older dog

How to crate train a puppy

A dog happily resting in their dog crate

Creating a Safe Space

For many anxious dogs, having a safe space can make a world of difference. This designated area should be a comfortable and predictable haven where your dog can retreat when feeling overwhelmed. Think of it as their own little sanctuary, a place where they can de-stress and feel secure. As the American Kennel Club notes, a comfortable and secure environment can significantly ease a dog's anxiety.

This safe space could be a quiet corner in your home, a cozy dog bed, or even a properly introduced crate. If using a crate, make sure your dog has positive associations with it. It shouldn’t be used as punishment. The Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine points out that crates can be particularly helpful for dogs fearful of other dogs or people, offering them a secure retreat. For more on crate training, check out our articles on crate training an older dog and how to crate train a puppy.

Fill the safe space with familiar items like your dog's favorite toys, blankets, and even clothing that carries your scent. These familiar objects offer comfort and reassurance. Adding calming sounds, such as soft music or white noise, can also create a more soothing atmosphere, especially when you're away, as suggested by the Alliance of Therapy Dogs. You can even find calming music designed for dogs on platforms like Spotify or YouTube. Consider adding a Sniffspot visit to your dog's routine to provide a safe and enriching outdoor experience.

In addition to a physical safe space, establishing a consistent routine can also significantly reduce anxiety. Predictability helps dogs feel more in control and less anxious about what to expect. Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine emphasizes the importance of routines for feeding, walks, playtime, and rest in managing anxiety. A regular schedule helps regulate your dog's internal clock and provides a sense of stability.

Get safe exercise for your dog by renting a private dog park near you

How to reduce dog anxiety in the long term

Exercise

Depending on your dog’s age, breed, and health, make sure you’re providing them with adequate physical outlets. Exercise reduces stress in the short-term — just like in humans! — and can help keep your dog feel calmer overall. As a bonus, proper exercise can also help reduce destructive behaviors like digging and chewing.

Mental stimulation

Similarly, mental stimulation is great for all dogs — and especially for dogs with anxiety. There are lots of ways to provide your dog with mental stimulation, including games, learning new tricks, and special toys. Try to set aside some time every day specifically for cognitive enrichment!

Learn more:

Comprehensive guide to enrichment activities

Best mental exercises for dogs

Puzzle Toys and Enrichment Activities

Puzzle toys and other enrichment activities are fantastic for providing mental stimulation, which can tire out a dog just as much as physical exercise. This type of mental workout is especially beneficial for dogs dealing with anxiety. Enrichment activities encourage your dog to use their problem-solving skills, reducing boredom and easing anxiety. They also offer a great way to redirect anxious energy into something positive.

There are many different puzzle toys available, from simple treat-dispensing balls to more complex multi-step puzzles. Start with easier puzzles and gradually increase the difficulty as your dog learns. You can even create DIY puzzle toys using household items like cardboard boxes, muffin tins, and old towels. Our post on mental exercises for dogs has some great ideas.

Beyond puzzle toys, consider other forms of enrichment:

Scent work: Hide treats or toys around your house or yard and let your dog use their nose to find them.

Training games: Teach your dog new tricks or practice familiar ones. Even short training sessions provide mental stimulation.

Chew toys: Offer a variety of safe and durable chew toys to keep your dog occupied and help relieve stress.

Social interaction: If your dog enjoys other dogs, schedule playdates or visits to a Sniffspot.

Even a little daily enrichment can significantly improve your dog's well-being, especially if they are prone to anxiety. Just like us, dogs need mental stimulation to thrive.

Training

Ultimately: On top of meeting your dog’s basic needs (which can certainly help many pups who show symptoms of anxiety) you want to get to the root cause of your dog’s discomfort.

The best course of action is to bring in a qualified trainer who can help you understand what your dog is experiencing and develop a personally tailored treatment plan to help them feel better.

Counter-Conditioning

Counter-conditioning is a training technique used to change your dog’s emotional response to a specific stimulus. As the American Kennel Club explains, this involves pairing the feared or anxiety-inducing situation with something positive, such as high-value treats or a favorite game. This helps your dog learn to associate the once-scary thing with a positive experience. Over time, the negative association fades, replaced by a new, happier connection.

For example, if your dog is scared of the mail carrier, you might start by giving them a really yummy treat every time they see the mail truck from a distance. As they get more comfortable, you can gradually decrease the distance, always pairing the sight of the mail carrier with something positive. Eventually, your dog might even start looking forward to the mail arriving!

Desensitization

Desensitization goes hand-in-hand with counter-conditioning. It involves gradually exposing your dog to the anxiety trigger in a controlled manner. The key is to start at a level that doesn’t provoke a fear response, as detailed by the AKC. It’s all about finding that “sweet spot” where your dog is aware of the trigger but not overwhelmed by it. This is often referred to as staying “under threshold.”

Think of it like introducing a shy dog to new people. You wouldn’t throw them into a crowded party right away. Instead, you might start with one calm, friendly person at a safe distance, offering tasty treats and praise. As your dog gets more comfortable, you can gradually introduce more people and decrease the distance, always making sure your dog stays under threshold. This allows them to slowly adjust and build confidence at their own pace.

Both counter-conditioning and desensitization are powerful tools for managing anxiety in dogs, but they require patience, consistency, and a deep understanding of your dog's individual needs. Working with a certified professional dog trainer can be incredibly helpful in developing a desensitization and counter-conditioning plan that’s right for your pup and their specific anxieties. Check out our list of the top dog trainers in the United States to find a qualified professional near you.

Medication

Medication can also be a helpful part of your dog’s anxiety treatment plan. Make sure to always talk with your professional trainer and veterinarian for guidance when deciding if and what type of drug is right for your dog’s medical condition — and use any prescription in combination with thoughtful behavior modification training.

For more detailed information, take a look at our article on medication for anxious dogs!

SSRIs and Antidepressants

For severe anxiety, your vet might prescribe medications like SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) or other antidepressants. These medications work by increasing serotonin levels in the brain, which can help regulate mood and reduce anxiety. Commonly prescribed SSRIs for dogs include fluoxetine (Prozac) and clomipramine (Clomicalm). Trazodone (Desyrel) is another antidepressant sometimes used to manage anxiety in dogs, particularly situational anxiety. It's important to note that these medications can take several weeks to become fully effective and may have potential side effects, so close monitoring by your vet is essential. Never attempt to medicate your dog with human medications, as this can be extremely dangerous and even fatal.

Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines, such as alprazolam (Xanax) and diazepam (Valium), are fast-acting anti-anxiety medications that can be helpful for short-term or situational anxiety in dogs, like a fear of thunderstorms or fireworks. These medications work quickly to reduce anxiety symptoms, but they are generally not recommended for long-term use due to the potential for dependence and other side effects. Dexmedetomidine (Sileo) is another medication in this class sometimes used for noise phobias. As always, your vet will determine the appropriate medication and dosage for your dog's specific needs.

Selegiline

Selegiline (Anipryl) is a medication primarily used to treat Canine Cognitive Dysfunction (CCD), also known as dog dementia, in senior dogs. CCD can often manifest as increased anxiety and confusion, and selegiline can help improve cognitive function and reduce anxiety symptoms in these cases. If you suspect your senior dog is experiencing age-related anxiety, consult your vet to discuss whether selegiline or other treatments might be appropriate. You can find more information about CCD on the American Kennel Club website.

Natural Therapies

In addition to medication, several natural therapies may help manage your dog's anxiety. It's crucial to discuss these options with your vet before trying them, especially if your dog is already taking other medications. The American Kennel Club offers a good overview of natural therapies for dog anxiety.

Pheromones

Synthetic pheromones, like those found in dog calming sprays and diffusers, mimic the natural pheromones mother dogs release to calm their puppies. These products can create a sense of comfort and security for some dogs, potentially reducing anxiety. While research on their effectiveness is ongoing, many dog owners report positive results.

Aromatherapy

Certain essential oils, such as lavender and chamomile, are believed to have calming properties for dogs. However, it's essential to use only pet-safe essential oils and in appropriate dilutions, as some oils can be toxic to dogs. Always consult with a holistic veterinarian or a certified aromatherapist experienced with animals before using aromatherapy with your dog. For more information on using essential oils safely with your pets, check out resources like the ASPCA's guide on essential oils.

CBD Oil for Anxiety (with Cautions)

CBD oil has gained popularity as a potential treatment for anxiety in dogs. Some dog owners report positive effects, but it's important to proceed with caution. Currently, the FDA does not regulate CBD products for pets, so quality and consistency can vary significantly. Additionally, research on the effectiveness and long-term safety of CBD for dogs is still limited. If you're considering using CBD oil for your dog's anxiety, consult your vet to discuss the potential risks and benefits and to ensure you're choosing a high-quality product from a reputable source.

Preventing Anxiety in Dogs

While there’s no foolproof way to completely prevent anxiety in dogs (just like in humans!), there are plenty of things you can do to give your pup the best chance. Proactive steps are always a smart move — they’re much easier than reactive ones!

Early Socialization

Early socialization is crucial for puppies. Between the ages of 3 and 14 weeks old, carefully introduce your puppy to as many new sights, sounds, smells, places, people, and other animals as possible. Continue this process in the following months, too. The goal isn’t to force your puppy into frightening situations, but rather to help them learn that the world is generally safe and predictable. A well-socialized puppy is much less likely to develop anxiety later in life. The American Kennel Club offers excellent resources on socialization.

Obedience Training

Obedience training involves much more than teaching your dog basic commands. It's about building a strong, trusting relationship rooted in clear communication. Obedience training also facilitates socialization. When your dog understands your expectations, they'll feel more confident and secure in new environments. Check out our list of the top dog trainers to find a qualified professional in your area.

Proper Exercise and Nutrition

A healthy dog is often a happy dog! Proper exercise and nutrition are vital for both physical and mental well-being. A tired, well-nourished dog is less susceptible to anxiety. Ensure your dog gets enough physical activity and eats a balanced diet. You can find more information on dog exercise in our comprehensive guide.

Learning Dog Body Language

Dogs communicate primarily through body language. Learning to interpret your dog's cues can help you avoid negative experiences that might contribute to anxiety. Recognize signs of stress, fear, and discomfort in your dog. This awareness allows you to adjust your interactions and prevent overwhelming them. For more information on understanding your dog, check out our dog names resource center.

Establishing a Consistent Routine

Dogs thrive on routine. A consistent routine—in feeding, exercise, playtime, and rest—reduces anxiety by creating predictability and security. Stick to a regular schedule as much as possible, especially for your dog's essential needs.

Respecting Your Dog's Need for Rest and Alone Time

Like humans, dogs require adequate rest and downtime. Ensure your dog's needs for rest and alone time are met. Designate a quiet, comfortable space where your dog can relax undisturbed. Avoid overwhelming your dog with constant interaction or activity.

Finding Dog-Friendly Spaces with Sniffspot

Sometimes, reducing anxiety involves getting out and exploring! Sniffspot connects dog owners with private, dog-friendly locations where dogs can run and play freely without the stress of crowded dog parks. Creating a comfortable area at home with familiar items (toys, blankets) and calming sounds can also help your dog feel more at ease. Whether it's a dog water park for a summer swim or a quiet trail for a relaxing walk, Sniffspot can help you find the ideal spot for your dog.

Get your dog the safe enrichment they need by renting a Sniffspot

You’re not alone if you live with an anxious dog — and there is hope!

Having an anxious dog can be overwhelming. With the right tools, patience, and support network, though? You can help your pup feel more comfortable and live a full life by their side!

While working with your dog, don’t hesitate to get in touch with a professional force free trainer for guidance or connect with fellow pet parents who have challenging companions of their own. We love our pets more than anything in the world — and we also need to take care of ourselves, too.

When to Consult a Veterinarian

It’s always a good idea to consult your veterinarian if you think your dog might be experiencing anxiety. Sometimes what looks like “anxiety” is actually a symptom of an underlying medical condition. For example, pain can manifest as changes in behavior, including behaviors we might perceive as anxiety. Ruling out any potential medical causes is an important first step.

As the experts at Tufts University explain, “If your dog is feeling anxious all or most of the time, that’s going to disrupt their quality of life—and yours as their caretaker.” Getting support is key.

Your vet can also be a great resource for additional support and guidance. They might prescribe medication to help your dog, or they might refer you to a veterinary behaviorist for more specialized help. A veterinary behaviorist is a veterinarian who has done additional training specifically in animal behavior.

Get safe exercise for your dog by renting a private dog park near you

Comforting Your Anxious Dog

It’s a common misconception that comforting a dog experiencing anxiety will somehow reinforce or worsen the anxiety. This simply isn’t true. As Tufts University points out, comforting an anxious dog is okay and doesn't worsen the anxiety. If your dog is feeling anxious, providing comfort and reassurance can actually be helpful.

There are lots of ways to comfort your dog. A gentle touch, soft words, or simply being present can make a big difference. Some dogs also respond well to things like anxiety wraps, which apply gentle, constant pressure. Finding a safe, enriching space for your dog to de-stress can also be helpful.

Creating a safe space for your dog can also be comforting. This might be a quiet corner, their crate (if they’ve been crate trained and enjoy it), or a specific dog bed. Having a predictable, safe haven can give your dog a sense of security when they're feeling overwhelmed.

Training Methods to Avoid

While training can be incredibly helpful for anxious dogs, it’s crucial to choose the right methods. Force or domination-based training is not only ineffective but can actually be harmful and worsen your dog’s anxiety. These methods rely on intimidation and punishment, which can create fear and distrust, ultimately damaging your relationship with your dog.

Similarly, harsh punishment should always be avoided. Punishment doesn’t address the underlying cause of the anxiety and can make your dog even more fearful and reactive.

Instead of punishment-based approaches, look for a certified professional dog trainer who uses positive reinforcement methods. Positive reinforcement focuses on rewarding desired behaviors, building a positive association with training, and creating a strong bond between you and your dog. This approach is much more effective for addressing anxiety and fostering a happy, healthy relationship with your furry friend.

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Trainer Review of this Article

There is so much misinformation out there, we want to make sure we only provide the highest quality information to our community. We have all of our articles reviewed by qualified, positive-only trainers.

This is the trainer that reviewed this article:

Rayanne Spence CPDT-KA, IAABC-ADT
Professional Dog Trainer – Animal Medical Center of Hattiesburg

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Frequently Asked Questions

Is it my fault that my dog is anxious? Absolutely not. While environmental and social factors can play a role, canine anxiety is complex and not solely the owner's responsibility. Many factors contribute, including genetics, early experiences, and even medical conditions. Focus on supporting your dog and seeking professional guidance rather than blaming yourself.

How can I tell if my dog's symptoms are due to anxiety or something else? Consider the context. Panting after a run is normal; panting while resting in a quiet room might signal anxiety. Similarly, barking at a delivery person differs from incessant barking for no apparent reason. If behaviors seem excessive, out of context, or accompanied by other signs like pacing or trembling, consult your vet to rule out medical causes and discuss potential anxiety.

My dog is scared of thunderstorms. What can I do? Noise anxieties, like those triggered by thunderstorms or fireworks, are common. Creating a safe space with familiar items and calming sounds can help. Counter-conditioning, where you pair the scary noise with something positive like treats, can gradually change your dog's emotional response. A certified trainer can guide you through this process. For severe cases, medication might be an option to discuss with your vet.

What's the difference between fear and anxiety in dogs? Fear is a natural response to a present danger, like a strange dog approaching. Anxiety, however, is the anticipation of a future or imagined threat. A dog might display similar behaviors (like trembling or hiding) in both situations, but anxiety is often more chronic and not tied to an immediate, obvious trigger.

What kind of training methods should I avoid if my dog has anxiety? Avoid punishment-based or dominance-based training. These methods can worsen anxiety by creating fear and distrust. Instead, seek a certified professional dog trainer who uses positive reinforcement techniques. Rewarding desired behaviors builds confidence and strengthens your bond with your dog, creating a more positive learning experience.

David Adams

September 10, 2025

Dog Reactivity

David Adams

About the author

David Adams is a man of many passions, but his love for dogs stands above all. He is not only a dog lover, but also the founder of an innovative platform called Sniffspot. This unique platform connects dog owners with private property owners who are willing to rent out their space for off-leash playtime. While the idea of Sniffspot was initially conceived by his wife, Rebecca, David has been the driving force behind its remarkable success, tirelessly overseeing its growth and development. David's dedication to providing safe and enjoyable spaces for dogs to play, explore, and socialize is evident in his unwavering commitment to Sniffspot. He strongly believes that dogs need ample space and opportunities to stretch their legs and have fun. As a result, he has worked tirelessly to build a network of private property owners across the country who share his vision and are willing to offer their space for the benefit of dogs and their owners. Despite his busy schedule, David always finds time to indulge in his passion for the great outdoors. He loves nothing more than exploring new hiking trails and embarking on thrilling outdoor adventures. Whenever he is not working on Sniffspot, he can often be found hiking or visiting multi-acre fenced sniffspots with his two beloved dogs, Soba and Toshii. He is an avid outdoorsman who enjoys the fresh air, breathtaking scenery, and the sense of freedom that comes with being in nature. David is based in Salem, MA.

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Sniffspot provides the best experiences and fun for you and your dog. Our dog parks are designed for the ultimate dog exercise. Our private spaces help you minimize distractions or triggers and maximize time with your dog. We provide off leash enrichment - exploration and activities you can't get anywhere else; wear your dog out for days. We make it easy to have playdates. Socialize your pup in a controlled, private spot - it's great exercise and it's fun for you and your dog.

Understanding and Managing Your Dog's Anxiety

What is canine anxiety?

Key Takeaways

What is fear?

What is a phobia?

What is anxiety?

Types of Anxiety in Dogs

Separation Anxiety

Noise Anxiety

Thunderstorm Anxiety

Fireworks Anxiety

Age-Related Anxiety (Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome)

Anxiety Related to New or Traumatic Experiences

Signs your dog is anxious

Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety

Symptoms of Separation Anxiety

Symptoms of Noise Anxiety

Symptoms of Age-Related Anxiety

Body Language Indicators of Anxiety

Whale Eye

Hesitant Posture

Other Body Language Cues

Understanding the Context of Symptoms

What causes anxiety in dogs?

Is your dog’s anxiety your fault as their owner?

Medical Causes of Anxiety

Environmental Causes of Anxiety

Social Causes of Anxiety

How to manage dog anxiety in the short term

Thundershirts or other “anxiety wraps”

Anti anxiety dog beds

Bolsters

Burrow beds

Do anti anxiety dog beds actually work?

Dog calming sprays

Calming treats for dogs

CBD calming treats

Other calming treats

High anxiety dog crates

Creating a Safe Space

How to reduce dog anxiety in the long term

Exercise

Mental stimulation

Puzzle Toys and Enrichment Activities

Training

Counter-Conditioning

Desensitization

Medication

SSRIs and Antidepressants

Benzodiazepines

Selegiline

Natural Therapies

Pheromones

Aromatherapy

CBD Oil for Anxiety (with Cautions)

Preventing Anxiety in Dogs

Early Socialization

Obedience Training

Proper Exercise and Nutrition

Learning Dog Body Language

Establishing a Consistent Routine

Respecting Your Dog's Need for Rest and Alone Time

Finding Dog-Friendly Spaces with Sniffspot

You’re not alone if you live with an anxious dog — and there is hope!

When to Consult a Veterinarian

Comforting Your Anxious Dog

Training Methods to Avoid

Trainer Review of this Article

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