The Best Phoenix, AZ Dog Rescues & Shelters in 2025

Sky Sanctuary Rescue

Sky Sanctuary specialize in the humane capture and rescue of stray, fearful and injured animals from the streets of Phoenix, Arizona, the surrounding desert areas and local shelters. We often rescue the abandoned, lost and forgotten animals. Fiercely advocating for the animals in our care. Often our animals have extensive and complex medical needs that require a profound level of specialty medical care. Not only do we invest in our animal's physical health, we utilize a trusted group of trainers to build confidence, empower and improve our animal's mental well-being in order to live peaceful, happy lives in family homes. We are very different from other animal rescue organizations. We are "boots on the ground" in our community while passionately fight for the dogs and animals no one else has the courage to take on. We have a knack for finding ourselves in pretty breathtaking scenarios- some call it divine intervention, others call it luck. We live by the mantra "if not me then who?". We are funded solely by public donations through social media. We are grateful for the opportunity to help these animals. We would go to any length to #SAVETHESTREETDOGS

Almost There: A Mom + Pups Rescue

My name is Geri Hormel and I am the founder of Almost There Rescue. What do we do at ATR? We save bitches. No, we don't go around seeking out malicious, unpleasant women and try to convince them to change their ways (although someone should!). We save dogs. Specifically, homeless, pregnant, large-breed dogs. We scoop those gals up from less than ideal situations and give them a place to birth and raise their pups. We work our tails off to give our pups the medical help, enrichment, socialization, and love that they need on their journeys to finding forever homes.

Puppy Luv Animal Rescue

Foster based, all breed, all size dog rescue.

Regal Dane Rescue

Established in March of 2019, Regal Dane Rescue has rescued, rehabilitated and rehomed a number of dogs, that without our help would not have survived. The dogs in our rescue are often pulled from high kill shelters in Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Mexico. Another large number of dogs come from owner surrenders or are abandoned dogs. Many of the dogs we intake have medical or behavioral needs that go above the standard vaccinations, wellness checks and spays/neuters. Regal Dane Rescue is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization. We rely solely on the donations and partnerships of the community to fund the cost of the Great Danes in our care. All funds raised through raffles, fundraising events and donation drives go towards the medical, training and care of the Danes. Without the support of the community the rescue would not be able to save the lives of these “Gentle Giants”.

Stealing Hearts Rescue

Stealing Hearts Rescue was founded with the goal of making a difference in the lives of large breed shelter dogs. It is our mission to save the lives of many stronger breed dogs that are often overlooked and provide them with the opportunity to become loved and cherished companions. Stealing Hearts strives to save dogs from euthanasia, dogs that other shelters are unable to adopt including sick, pregnant, nursing moms and breeds of dogs often ignored by our communities. We feel as we educate people about these amazing breeds not only do we save that dog’s life, the new knowledge acquired by the owner is shared and we are able to reach many more. By saving one, we save many.

Rescue Street

Since Tiffany Street was kid she has rescued anything from loose dogs to uncaged iguanas. In 2022 she finally made it official (and following her life long passion) by founding Rescue Street in Glendale, AZ in 2022 with her husband Adam. There are so many adoptable dogs and cats that are lost, abandoned, mistreated, and put to sleep that don’t have to be. Rescue Street was founded to rescue and find loving homes for adoptable pets.

Stay With Me Animal Rescue

Established In 2022, Stay With Me Animal Rescue Is A No-Kill Non-Profit 501(c)(3) Dog Rescue That Primarily Operates Within The State Of Arizona. We Are A Small, Foster-Based Organization Who Prides Itself On Quality Over Quantity, Educating The Public On Issues Surrounding Dog Ownership/Rescue, And Simply Helping Our Community Of Animal Lovers In Any Way We Can. We Save Canines Regardless Of Their Color/Breed/History, And We Base Our Ability To Intake An Animal Solely On Our Ability To Give That Animal What It Needs To Thrive.

Pets Return Home

Pets Return Home is a nonprofit organization providing canine behavior modification, training and convalescence support to municipal shelters, animal rescue organizations, and the Verde Valley community. Our mission: Save lives, enrich welfare and build adoptability of homeless animals, drives our every action. ​ Our team has extensive knowledge and hands-on experience working with hundreds of dogs with behavior, training or medical needs. ​ We are located near Clarkdale, AZ on a four-acre ranch bordering national forest, a canyon and the Verde River. Many of the dogs “free-range” on the fenced four-acre parcel. We have a 400 square foot (sq. ft.) medical clinic, six fenced play yards totaling over 4000 sq. ft., a 3000 sq. ft. agility/work yard and a 2100 sq. ft. kennel facility with ten 100 sq. ft. luxury kennels. ​ The location and facility layout enable dogs to socialize, exercise, overcome fears, build confidence & trust and earn adoptable status. ​ We welcome adopters, volunteers and visitors by appointment and are supported primarily through donations. ​ Our Behavior Development Philosophy Pets Return Home primarily accepts dogs with behavior or medical issues from reputable animal rescues, municipal shelters and the Verde Valley community as space permits. These dogs usually are saved from the kill-list at shelters, the unadoptable list for rescues or by owner surrenders. Our work involves ‘resetting the behavior’ of a dog using a variety of methods. We verify recognition of audible and/or hand commands, reinforce known commands and expose the dog to unknown commands. One driving philosophy of our work is that the dog’s new family must work with the dog to earn and build the bond, leadership and respect necessary to keep the dog stable, manageable and part of the family. ​ This is why every family adopting a dog from our facility receives post adoption training and instruction tailored for the dog they have just adopted and has been in our care for weeks, months or even years. ​ Every dog that arrives at our facility is placed in a three-day quarantine. During this time, they see, smell, hear and feel the surrounding environment without fear. The routines of the humans, other dogs and external influences are presented to them without their involvement. This initial observation time allows them to determine the rank of each dog in each pack on the property. In addition, they learn which humans are their primary caregivers and leaders. Likewise, the humans and other dogs on the facility have the opportunity to assess the ‘new student’. This introduction period is paramount to the success of our programs. ​ Pets Return Home currently uses three dog-packs that assist in helping behavior challenged dogs learn canine manners, discover trust, build confidence and implement acceptable behavior patterns. The pack members each have their own contribution to help guide the dog through its behavior growth. Our behavior development experts work with each dog individually and with the packs to increase predictable behavior. ​ After the initial assessment, each dog has continuous assessments to customize the behavior development program. There is no “cookie cutter” approach to behavior development at Pets Return Home. Each dog has a unique program customized to its needs. Socialization, exercise and challenge are other key components of our programs. ​ Each dog is taken off property for 1-5 mile hikes and swims (weather permitting) at least three times a week. The dogs are taken as a pack and individually, depending upon their level of development and needs. We have multiple ‘courage’ courses on the river and cliffs. We challenge the dog in pack and solo outings to help build trust and confidence. This by far is the most visible sign of a dog’s improvement. ​ All of the people handling the dogs have a deep understanding of dogs, their nature, behavior, operant conditioning, classical conditioning, punishers, reinforcers, and much more. We use methods to help dogs in the most humane ways possible, taking into account the dog’s psychological needs and natural ways of learning. We work with the dog so she can learn a new and more instinctual way of behaving.

Anthem Pets Animal Rescue

Alone No More Dog Rescue

Alone No More Dog Rescue was founded in the Fall of 2020 by a group of animal advocates in Maricopa County to assist local shelters inundated with a high volume of stray and surrendered animals. After receiving our 501(c)(3) status in August of 2020, we partnered with MCACC as a New Hope Partner to work with behavioral, medical, and otherwise well-deserving dogs at highest risk of euthanasia. EIN 85-2503276

Love For Dogs

Love For Dogs is a rescue that consists of a system of volunteers and foster homes located in and around Scottsdale and Phoenix, AZ. We focus on small dogs with medical needs, undersocialized as well as fospice. We are non-profit, volunteer-driven organization dedicated to rescuing dogs in need from our surrounding communities. These dogs may be shy, sick, injured, orphaned, or just old... all are at risk of euthanasia. We bring these dogs into loving and skilled foster homes where they receive the love and care needed to be adopted into wonderful forever homes, or to spend their final days. We also serve our community by providing resources and help on responsible dog ownership. We believe no dog should die in a shelter or be unloved - they have so much love to give. From the puppy to the hospice dogs, every dog deserves their own loving family. Our founder started fostering over a dozen years ago and fell in love with each and every dog that passed through their home. She helped run a rescue in California and now runs this one in Arizona. Our founder has a special place in her heart for fospice and under-socialized dogs.

HannahPearl Rescue

We are a non profit animal rescue located in Scottsdale. We rescue dogs that have been abandoned, abused, are at risk of euthanasia or have medical issues from the shelters here in Arizona. We also rescue many dogs in need from a small rescue in Mexico with our team of dedicated animal advocates that help us with the transportation and initial medical intervention. We are a foster based rescue so all the animals we take in go to loving temporary homes so that we can continue to provide their medical treatments. Fosters are critical in our mission and they provide a safe place for our rescues to heal physically, emotionally and mentally. Most of our Mexico rescues were initially street dogs that have been subjected to the most inhumane treatment by humans and have never been in a home environment. A lot of the animals in our care are in need of extensive medical intervention due to sickness, old age, disease or being abused. We pride ourselves on being a small rescue that go above and beyond and believe in quality over quantity to provide each individual rescue we take in all of the necessary vetting and rehabilitation they need to become adoptable so that they can be placed into loving forever homes. Once our rescues are medically cleared they are adopted out through HannahPearl or our trusted rescue partners. Once they are adopted we also provide additional guidance and anything else that is needed to help them adjust in their new homes. We always stay connected with our adopters and continue to get updates on their progress. We are lucky enough to have even made lifelong friends with some and we still get to see our rescue babies which is everything to us.

Adopt A Dog Rescue

We are a non profit 501c (3) dedicated to rescuing homeless and abandoned animals, primarily dogs from high-kill shelters and owners who can no longer care for them. We put our heart and soul into giving these sweet innocent souls the love and care they deserve until they find their forever homes. We are a volunteer-based non-profit rescue dedicated to dogs and puppies left homeless for whatever reason. Our dogs come from the euthanasia list at MCACC but we accept dogs given up by their owners because of difficult circumstances and those in danger of abuse or neglect. We place dogs in loving, responsible, permanent homes and take considerable care in finding good matches. Animals in our care are spayed or neutered, microchipped, receive all appropriate veterinary care and treatment, and placed in nurturing foster homes while they await placement in their permanent homes. We assist dogs in distress without regard to age, breed or ease of placement.

Cavalier Rescue Foundation

The Cavalier Rescue Foundation of Arizona is a non-profit, 501(c)(3) charitable organization. We are a small team of volunteers dedicated to rescuing neglected and/or unwanted Cavaliers and placing them in qualified and loving homes throughout the Valley. All of our Cavaliers are owner turn-ins, breeder surrenders, or rescued from puppy mills. Our mission is to help every beloved Cavalier find a forever home where they will receive the lifelong care and attention they deserve. A majority of our dogs come from puppy mills found throughout the Midwest. A puppy mill is a large scale breeding facility where female dogs churn out puppies for a profit with little to no true care for the health and welfare of the dogs. These dogs are left to live in kennels for their entire lives with minimal human contact. The females are bred every heat starting at 6-10 months of age, and their puppies are sold either locally, online, or at pet stores nationwide. Our rescue is unique in that we often have to pay for our Cavaliers at puppy mill auctions. These events are held in states such as Missouri, Kansas, and Oklahoma where hundreds of dogs are tagged with a number, listed in a catalog, and one by one brought up to the auction block where they are simply sold to the highest bidder. We concentrate on purchasing Cavaliers from complete kennel sellouts. This means a breeder is selling everything; all their dogs, their buildings, kennels, equipment, etc. The money that we pay the breeder to rescue these Cavaliers will typically go to the person's retirement, and not be reinvested in other dogs. Also, this keeps the Cavaliers that we save from going to other breeders where they will use them again and again as money making machines. Cavaliers are an amazingly resilient breed, and no matter how they are previously treated they learn to trust and love their human companions. Rescued Cavaliers make wonderful pets, and the bond that forms between them and owner is indescribable.

West Valley Animal Rescue

West Valley Animal Rescue is a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization dedicated to rescuing, fostering and rehoming the abandoned animals around the valley. With your help, we hope to make a difference in the lives of these wonderful animals. We pull dogs from local shelters and county, as well as owner surrenders and strays. All of our animals are provided with veterinary care including sterilization, vaccination, deworming and microchipping. We help animals in our care find temporary home while being evaluated and eventually place them in their forever home.

Ruby Ranch Pet Rescue and Sanctuary

It all started with one little old dog... While delivering blankets to the East Maricopa County shelter, I walked past what appeared to be an empty kennel. However upon closer inspection, I noticed a tiny, white, shivering little dog huddled in the corner. Her kennel plaque stated “Stray”, although I couldn’t imagine how this little girl could possibly have gotten lost, as I was pretty sure she was around for the Last Supper. When her stray period was up and no one came for her, I adopted her. Through some intense detective work, I discovered this little girl’s owner had passed away, and my senior friend had celebrated EIGHTEEN birthdays. Wow! She came complete with rotten teeth, a grade 5 heart murmur, and failing kidneys. Despite her poor prognosis, I decided to find a vet who would take a chance and remove those painfully abscessed teeth; amazingly enough she survived the surgery, and was the proud owner of 3 whole teeth. This little angel became known as Ruby and was a regular fixture at adoption events, often being carried around in her little wicker basket. All good things must come to an end, and 10 months after coming into our lives, little Ruby’s heart gave out a few days before her 19th birthday. Although with me for just a short period, it was worth the expense, heartache…as I was able to provide a loving home for my little friend in her golden moments, instead of ending her life in a shelter on a cold cement floor. I have had the pleasure over the years of fostering hundreds of animals including many seniors and those with special needs. I have decided to focus primarily on these wonderful animals…so in honor of little Ruby, Ruby Ranch Pet Rescue and Sanctuary was born. Ruby…the little dog who inspired a revolution

Home Fur Good Animal Rescue

Home ‘Fur’ Good is a 501(c)3 no-kill animal rescue organization whose mission is to eliminate the euthanasia of adoptable homeless cats and dogs in Maricopa County by providing quality medical care and adoption placements, as well as promoting spay/neuter procedures and providing outreach education for pet owners.

Desert Dogs Rescue Inc.

AZK9 Rescue

Four Peaks Animal Rescue

Four Peaks Animal Rescue is predominately driven by the commitment of volunteers to minimize, if not eliminate the suffering of animals who, by virtue of their domestication and subsequent abandonment, are completely dependent upon others for their care and sustenance. We are a no-kill rescue organization seeking to accommodate all species of domestic pets. While many rescue services are reactive to the problem of animal abandonment, Four Peaks Animapic_dogandcat.jpgl Rescue is proactive in providing the education to the consumer designed to help break the cycle of abandonment. We are passionate in our belief that animal care education is the foundation for a rewarding interaction and lasting relationship. Education provides better communication and understanding between a guardian and a companion animal. Aspects of a prospective owner's education should include (without being limited to) an animals proper feeding, grooming, and medical care as well as its introduction to family and other pets, housebreaking, and obedience training.

Fedwell Farm Rescue

Fedwell Farm Rescue Inc, a 501(c)3 non profit organization, specializes in the rescue, adoption and rehabilitation of the Herding Dogs, with the occasional hound included.Fedwell Farm Rescue has moved to South East Arizona. Formerly we were located in North Scottsdale (Rio Verde), we are keeping our North Scottsdale address for mailing purposes only. Fedwell Farm Rescue, has been saving dogs since 2004 and has adopted out over 1800 dogs over the years. Our dogs come from shelters throughout Arizona, most from the euthanasia lists of county shelters. Typically, a county employee calls and asks for help with one of our breeds. If we have space, we send transport immediately and bring the dog to safety. We have picked up dogs in Nogales, Douglas, Wilcox, the Navajo Reservation, Yuma, Page, Kingman and Winslow for example.Once the dogs arrive, we treat any physical or psychological issues, spay/neuter and do whatever is necessary to prepare the dog for his or her forever home. Fedwell Farm does not "kennel" dogs and and they learn to socialize. Our dogs are ready for their forever home when they leave our care. We believe in a low stress environment and a low key adoption. Our motto is a happy adopter means a happy dog. We do everything in our power to help even after the the adoption. Every Fedwell Farm Dog will always be a Fedwell Farm Dog and we will work with the adopter to remedy any issue. If things don’t work out, we ALWAYS take our dogs back.

Arizona Poodle Rescue

Arizona Golden Rescue

Arizona Golden Rescue is organized as an all-volunteer, non-profit, 501 (c) (3) corporation. We are a charitable organization whose mission is to rescue displaced Golden Retrievers and mostly-Golden mixes that have been abused, abandoned, neglected or unwanted and find new, permanent homes for them. Rescued dogs are given a complete veterinary exam and their vaccines are updated; they are also microchipped, spayed or neutered, and tested for Valley Fever and Heartworm. AGR provides emotional and medical rehabilitation and will pay for medications and for necessary surgeries. Through education at public appearances, AGR seeks to educate the public about the Golden Retriever breed and about responsible dog ownership, in order to help reduce the unwanted dog population."

Arizona Boston Terrier Rescue

Arizona Boston Terrier Rescue (formerly Valley of the Sun Boston Terrier Rescue) has been actively rescuing needy Boston Terriers since 1975. The purpose and main function of Arizona Boston Terrier Rescue (AZBTR) is to promote humane treatment through rescue, rehabilitation, education and the re-homing of neglected, abandoned and unwanted Boston Terriers. Arizona Boston Terrier Rescue, Inc. (AZBTR) is an Arizona 501c3 non-profit corporation dedicated to the rescue, rehabilitation and re-homing of unwanted Boston Terriers, education of owners on responsible dog ownership, and education of the public on the Boston Terrier breed. AZBTR began life as the Rescue Committee of the Valley of the Sun Boston Terrier Club, a club founded in 1974 by a group of Boston Terrier lovers and breeders. As responsible breeders they knew that, in addition to improving and protecting the breed, it was also their obligation to help individual Bostons that needed new homes. Arizona Boston Terrier Rescue, Inc. was born as a free-standing non-profit corporation in 2006. AZBTR takes in adoptable Boston Terriers from many situations. We provide for their medical and behavioral needs, then place them in loving, permanent homes. All of our rescued dogs live with families in foster homes in Arizona. We operate statewide and occasionally take in dogs from nearby states. We do not run a shelter that you can visit. All of the rescue's operations are carried out by volunteers, most of whom have families and full-time jobs. The costs of the care we provide for Bostons adds up. We charge an adoption fee for each Boston, but it rarely covers all of the costs, even for a simple case. We close the gap with fundraising activities throughout the year and donations from Boston Terrier lovers. AZBTR follows a code of ethics that requires us to operate in a lawful and responsible fashion. For example, we are committed to spay/neuter and vaccination of every dog before placement in a new home.

Rockstar Rescue

Founded in 2010, Rockstar Rescue is a decompression & recovery facility specializing in dogs with severe injuries or illnesses on euthanasia lists at County shelters. Special focus is also given to dogs exhibiting extreme fear, seniors, and those from hoarding situations. Rockstar's main focus in recovery is the healing of traumas experienced, physically and emotionally. It is our goal to develop an understanding of genetic, biological and environmental factors, along with physical & psychological traumas an animal has experienced. We work to repair & heal through decompression, animal communication and trust building exercises, all in an effort to end the cycle of "returned" for so many dogs that are misunderstood or untreated, resulting in a lifetime spent in the rescue system. Housing small numbers of dogs at any given time, Rockstar Rescue is able to provide a more attentive and concentrated level of rehabilitation and care. This method combined with healthy diets, necessary medications, love, affection and behavior modification, have all proved beneficial to the recovery and re-homing of over 500 dogs-to-date. Our facility is located in the Midtown District of Phoenix, which perfectly situates us to assist the surrounding homeless community with dogs in our area. Free alteration, vaccinations, microchipping and other veterinary services, as well as dog boarding to selected individuals suffering hardship via hospitalization or temporary incarceration, is provided to homeless persons wishing to care for and stay with their loving dogs. Over the years Rockstar Rescue’s hard work has been rewarded, being named a finalist for Rescue Organization of the Year by World Dog Expo, along with our Director being awarded a Phoenix Community Hero Award, and in 2020 Rockstar was nominated for the Phoenix Chamber of Commerce Community IMPACT Award. Through it all, Rockstar Rescue is determined to transform each and every dog from abused and neglected victim to “ROCKSTAR”!

People for Paws AZ Rescue

People for Paws AZ Rescue is a non-profit 501(c)3 dog rescue that focuses on saving homeless and helpless dogs in Arizona. Our mission is to provide a safe space and forever home to all neglected, abandoned, and abused dogs as well as promoting compassion, in-home training, and humane treatment in the community. Most of our adoptable dogs have been saved from municipal shelters in Arizona. Each dog is in a foster home, which allows the dog to learn house manners, how to interact with a family, and receive lots of love. Since all our dogs are in foster homes, People for Paws AZ Rescue knows every dog’s personality, likes/dislikes, and special quirks allowing us to place them into their perfect fur-ever home! While in foster, all People for Paws AZ Rescue dogs are put through our “Doggy Boot Camp” training program that has been developed by a team of expert dog trainers to prepare them for life as your new best friend. All of our dogs are exposed to many experiences to set them up for success with their new family. P4PAZ Rescue is committed to giving adopters all information about our dogs to find the pur-fect match. Every dog is properly vetted and microchipped prior to adoption. Adoption fees help cover our rescue costs and allows us to continue saving more dogs. People for Paws AZ Rescue is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization and receives no tax or government funding. We do not sell, rent, or share our supporter information with any other organizations or third parties.

Poverty's Pets

Phoenix Animal Welfare Solutions (P.A.W.S.) consists of a group of concerned citizens who believe the state of animal welfare in the City of Phoenix to be inconsistent, insufficient and neglectful. Animal abuse continues to go unchecked in our underserved communities. We are advocating for cost effective changes regarding how the City of Phoenix addresses animal abuse, neglect and suffering in these communities. Our objective is simple: pet-owners must be held accountable, but this is only possible with adequate laws, enforcement, and joint efforts across departments. Poverty’s Pet was founded in 2006 by Kate Sivolella. As its name indicates, Poverty’s Pets aims to improve the lives of companion animals in low-income and under served communities. With a focus on free spay and neuter clinics, Poverty’s Pets continues to work to bring an end to animal suffering. In 2008, “The Columbus House” was established, earning its name after Kate’s first rescue dog, Columbus. This safe- house has seen nearly 1200 dogs pass through as they made their way to forever homes. Today every dog is cared for by Connie and Josh, who live at the house and love each dog as their own as they transition from stray to being adopted. Once castaways, to a beloved family member.

Paw Town Angels Rescue

Paw Town Angels Rescue is a 501(c)(3) non-profit dog rescue organization based in Phoenix, Arizona. Paw Town Angels Rescue saves dogs that are abused, abandoned by their owners, and put on the euthanasia list in Maricopa and other surrounding counties. The Angel Army helps these dogs in need find their perfect forever (or should we say furever) home. We accomplish this goal by placing the dogs in foster homes to help rehabilitate them and get them ready to be a member of some lucky new family. We also believe it is our responsibility as pet owners and rescuers to do our part to ensure the health and safety of all the precious dogs that pass through our doors. All of our dogs are vetted, spayed/neutered, up-to-date on shots, and micro-chipped. Before one of our precious pups can be adopted, a home check and trial adoption period is required. We are a foster based rescue and rely on our volunteers and donations in order to continue to save lives. We are always looking for new fosters to give our dogs a temporary loving home while they wait to find their forever home. Volunteers help at our adoption events and with transportation of the dogs when needed. Donations fund the rescue so we can make sure all of the dogs we save are healthy and ready for their second chance. Paw Town Angels was founded by Callie Maxwell and Donita Willard, who are all avid animal lovers. Our Mission is to provide the highest quality care for our rescue dogs. Our dream is to one day have a facility that will allow us to save a greater number of homeless animals.

The Barking Lot Dog Rescue

We are a newly formed 501(c)(3) dog rescue in Maricopa County, Arizona. We are a group of very determined women with over 60 years of combined experience in the animal rescue community. We came together to start our dog rescue, The Barking Lot Dog Rescue, with the intention of giving unwanted or abandoned dogs and puppies a chance at a forever life by giving hope and filling hearts through rescue, adoption, and community education. Currently, we are a foster based rescue. We depend entirely on volunteer foster homes that graciously and lovingly provide a temporary resting point until permanent homes are found for each canine.

Paw Kindness Animal Rescue and Sanctuary

Paw Kindness is a 501(c)(3), no-kill organization. Our mission is to reduce euthanasia of homeless animals through rescue, adoption and education about responsible pet guardianship.